Create a Memory Puzzle Game in Python

Memory Puzzle Game is the best brain exercise as it helps in enhancing the memory and concentration of the player. It is a popular game. Let’s start developing a memory puzzle game in Python and learn some concepts.

About Memory Puzzle Game

In this game we will create 3 levels: easy, medium and hard. At the start of the game the shapes are hidden. The player clicks on the tiles to uncover the tile and when two similar tiles are uncovered the score increases. To complete the game the user has to uncover all the pairs of shapes. After completion of the game, the number of moves required to complete the game is also displayed on the screen.

Python Memory Puzzle Game Project

The main objective of the project is to develop a Memory Puzzle Game that has 3 different levels. Installation of tkinter is a must to start developing the project.

Project Prerequisites

Basic concepts of python and tkinter are required to get ahead with the project.

Download Memory Puzzle Game

Please download the source code of python memory puzzle game: Memory Puzzle Game Project

Project File Structure

1. Installing Tkinter
2. Importing Modules and initializing tkinter window
3. Various functions required for creating easy level
4. Various functions required for creating medium level
5. Various functions required for creating hard level

1. Installing Tkinter

Installation of tkinter is a must to start the project. Tkinter is a module that provides the most easy way to develop a graphical user interface. To install tkinter write the command mentioned below on your terminal window or cmd.

pip install tkinter

2. Importing Modules and initializing tkinter window

from tkinter import *
import random
from tkinter import ttk
 
PuzzleWindow=Tk()
 
PuzzleWindow.title('Memory Puzzle Game By DataFlair')
 
tabs = ttk.Notebook(PuzzleWindow) 
easy= ttk.Frame(tabs)

Code Explanation:

a. random: random helps in generating random numbers.
b. Tk(): It provides a library of basic elements of gui widgets.
c. title(): It helps in setting the title of the screen.
d. ttk.Notebook(): This widget manages the collection of windows and displays one window at a time.
e. ttk.Frame(): It is basically a rectangular container for other widgets.

3. Various functions required for creating easy level

def draw(a,l,m):
    global base1
    if a=='A':
        d=base1.create_rectangle(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='red')
    elif a=='B':
        d=base1.create_rectangle(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='yellow')
    elif a=='C':
        d=base1.create_rectangle(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='blue')
    elif a=='D':
        d=base1.create_oval(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='red')
    elif a=='E':
        d=base1.create_oval(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='yellow')
    elif a=='F':
        d=base1.create_oval(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='blue')
    elif a=='G':
        d=base1.create_polygon(100*l+50,m*100+20,100*l+20,100*m+100-20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='red')
    elif a=='H':
        d=base1.create_polygon(100*l+50,m*100+20,100*l+20,100*m+100-20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='green')
    
def quizboard():
    global base1,ans1,board1,moves1
    count=0
    for i in range(4):
        for j in range(4):
            rec=base1.create_rectangle(100*i,j*100,100*i+100,100*j+100,fill="white")
            if(board1[i][j]!='.'):
                draw(board1[i][j],i,j)
                count+=1
    if count==16:
        base1.create_text(200,450,text="No. of moves: "+str(moves1),font=('arial',20))
            
 
def call(event):
    global base1,ans1,board1,moves1,prev1
    i=event.x//100
    j=event.y//100
    if board1[i][j]!='.':
        return
    moves1+=1
    #print(moves)
    if(prev1[0]>4):
        prev1[0]=i
        prev1[1]=j
        board1[i][j]=ans1[i][j]
        quizboard()
    else:
        board1[i][j]=ans1[i][j]
        quizboard()
        if(ans1[i][j]==board1[prev1[0]][prev1[1]]):
            print("matched")
            prev1=[100,100]
            quizboard()
            return
        else:
            board1[prev1[0]][prev1[1]]='.'
            quizboard()
            prev1=[i,j]
            return
 
base1=Canvas(easy,width=500,height=500)
base1.pack()
 
ans1 = list('AABBCCDDEEFFGGHH')
random.shuffle(ans1)
ans1 = [ans1[:4],
       ans1[4:8],
       ans1[8:12],
       ans1[12:]]
 
base1.bind("<Button-1>", call)
 
moves1=IntVar()
moves1=0
 
prev1=[100,100]
 
board1=[list('.'*4) for count in range(4)]
quizboard()

Code Explanation:

a. draw(): This function helps in drawing different figures that are hidden under tiles.
b. create_rectangle(): It helps in drawing a rectangle on the screen.
c. create_polygon():It helps in drawing a polygon on the screen.
d. create_oval():It helps in drawing an oval on the screen.
e. quizboard: It helps in developing the board for the easy level which is a 4×4 box.
f. call(): This function is called when the player clicks on the tile. This function displays the figures hidden in the tile if the two figures are the same and hides the figure if the other figure that is selected is not the same.
g. Canvas: It adds structured graphics in the python applications.
h. List: It is used to store a list of numbers, string, characters etc.
i. shuffle(): It takes a list and then reorganizes the elements in the list.

4. Various function required for creating medium level

window2= ttk.Frame(tabs)
 
def draw1(a,l,m):
    global base2
    if a=='A':
        d=base2.create_rectangle(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='red')
    elif a=='B':
        d=base2.create_rectangle(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='yellow')
    elif a=='C':
        d=base2.create_rectangle(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='blue')
    elif a=='D':
        d=base2.create_oval(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='red')
    elif a=='E':
        d=base2.create_oval(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='yellow')
    elif a=='F':
        d=base2.create_oval(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='blue')
    elif a=='G':
        d=base2.create_polygon(100*l+50,m*100+20,100*l+20,100*m+100-20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='red')
    elif a=='H':
        d=base2.create_polygon(100*l+50,m*100+20,100*l+20,100*m+100-20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='green')
    elif a=='I':
        d=base2.create_polygon(100*l+50,m*100+20,100*l+20,100*m+100-20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='yellow')
    elif a=='J':
        d=base2.create_polygon(100*l+50,m*100+20,100*l+20,100*m+100-20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='blue')
    elif a=='K':
        d=base2.create_polygon(100*l+50,m*100+20,100*l+20,100*m+100-20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='black')
    elif a=='L':
        d=base2.create_polygon(100*l+50,m*100+20,100*l+20,100*m+100-20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='orange')
    elif a=='M':
        d=base2.create_rectangle(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='black')
    elif a=='N':
        d=base2.create_rectangle(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='orange')
    elif a=='O':
        d=base2.create_rectangle(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='green')
    elif a=='P':
        d=base2.create_oval(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='black')
    elif a=='Q':
        d=base2.create_oval(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='orange')
    elif a=='R':
        d=base2.create_oval(100*l+20,m*100+20,100*l+100-20,100*m+100-20,fill='green')
    
    
def puzzleboard2():
    global base2,ans2,board2,moves2
    count=0
    for i in range(6):
        for j in range(6):
            rec=base2.create_rectangle(100*i,j*100,100*i+100,100*j+100,fill="white")
            if(board2[i][j]!='.'):
                draw1(board2[i][j],i,j)
                count+=1
    if count>=36:
        base2.create_text(300,650,text="No. of moves: "+str(moves2),font=('arial',20))
            
def call2(event):
    global base2,ans2,board2,moves2,prev2
    i=event.x//100
    j=event.y//100
    if board2[i][j]!='.':
        return
    moves2+=1
    if(prev2[0]>6):
        prev2[0]=i
        prev2[1]=j
        board2[i][j]=ans2[i][j]
        puzzleboard2()
    else:
        board2[i][j]=ans2[i][j]
        puzzleboard2()
        if(ans2[i][j]==board2[prev2[0]][prev2[1]]):
            prev2=[100,100]
            puzzleboard2()
            return
        else:
            board2[prev2[0]][prev2[1]]='.'
            puzzleboard2()
            prev2=[i,j]
            return
base2=Canvas(window2,width=1000,height=1000)
base2.pack()
ans2 = list('AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRR')
random.shuffle(ans2)
ans2 = [ans2[:6],
       ans2[6:12],
       ans2[12:18],
       ans2[18:24],
       ans2[24:30],
       ans2[30:]
       ]
base2.bind("<Button-1>", call2)
moves2=IntVar()
moves2=0
prev2=[100,100]
board2=[list('.'*6) for count in range(6)]
puzzleboard2()

Code Explanation:

a. draw1(): This function helps in drawing different figures that are hidden under tiles.
b. quizboard2(): It helps in developing the board for the medium level which is a 6×6 box.
c. Create_text: It can be applied to a canvas object which helps in writing text on it.
d. call2():This function is called when the player clicks on the tile. This function displays the figures hidden in the tile if the two figures are the same and hides the figure if the other figure that is selected is not the same.
e. IntVar: It returns the value of a variable as an integer.

5. Various function required for creating hard level

window3= ttk.Frame(tabs)
tabs.add(easy, text ='Easy') 
tabs.add(window2, text ='medium') 
tabs.add(window3, text ='Hard') 
tabs.pack(expand = 1, fill ="both") 
 
def draw2(a,l,m):
    global base3
    if a=='A':
        d=base3.create_rectangle(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='red')
    elif a=='B':
        d=base3.create_rectangle(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='yellow')
    elif a=='C':
        d=base3.create_rectangle(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='blue')
    elif a=='D':
        d=base3.create_oval(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='red')
    elif a=='E':
        d=base3.create_oval(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='yellow')
    elif a=='F':
        d=base3.create_oval(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='blue')
    elif a=='G':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='red')
    elif a=='H':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='green')
    elif a=='I':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='yellow')
    elif a=='J':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='blue')
    elif a=='K':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='black')
    elif a=='L':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='orange')
    elif a=='M':
        d=base3.create_rectangle(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='black')
    elif a=='N':
        d=base3.create_rectangle(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='orange')
    elif a=='O':
        d=base3.create_rectangle(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='green')
    elif a=='P':
        d=base3.create_oval(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='pink')
    elif a=='Q':
        d=base3.create_oval(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='green')
    elif a=='R':
        d=base3.create_rectangle(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='pink')
    elif a=='S':
        d=base3.create_rectangle(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='purple')
    elif a=='T':
        d=base3.create_oval(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='purple')
    elif a=='U':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='purple')
    elif a=='V':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='pink')
    elif a=='W':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='maroon')
    elif a=='X':
        d=base3.create_rectangle(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='maroon')
    elif a=='Y':
        d=base3.create_oval(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='maroon')
    elif a=='Z':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='brown')
    elif a=='a':
        d=base3.create_oval(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='brown')
    elif a=='b':
        d=base3.create_rectangle(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='brown')
    elif a=='c':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='aqua')
    elif a=='d':
        d=base3.create_rectangle(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='aqua')
    elif a=='e':
        d=base3.create_oval(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='aqua')
    elif a=='f':
        d=base3.create_polygon(80*l+50,m*80+20,80*l+20,80*m+80-20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='magenta')
    elif a=='g':
        d=base3.create_oval(80*l+20,m*80+20,80*l+80-20,80*m+80-20,fill='magenta')
  
def quizboard3():
    global base3,ans3,board3,moves3
    count=0
    for i in range(8):
        for j in range(8):
            e=base3.create_rectangle(80*i,j*80,80*i+80,80*j+80,fill="white")
            if(board3[i][j]!='.'):
                draw2(board3[i][j],i,j)
                count+=1
    if count>=64:
        base3.create_text(300,650,text="No. of moves: "+str(moves3),font=('arial',20))
 
            
 
def call3(event):
    global base3,ans3,board3,moves3,prev3
    i=event.x//80
    j=event.y//80
    if board3[i][j]!='.':
        return
    moves3+=1
    if(prev3[0]>8):
        prev3[0]=i
        prev3[1]=j
        board3[i][j]=ans3[i][j]
        quizboard3()
    else:
        board3[i][j]=ans3[i][j]
        quizboard3()
        if(ans3[i][j]==board3[prev3[0]][prev3[1]]):
            print("matched")
            prev3=[100,100]
            quizboard3()
            return
        else:
            board3[prev3[0]][prev3[1]]='.'
            quizboard3()
            prev3=[i,j]
            return
 
base3=Canvas(window3,width=1000,height=1000)
base3.pack()
 
ans3 = list('AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUWWXXYYZZaabbccddeeffgg')
random.shuffle(ans3)
ans3 = [ans3[:8],
       ans3[8:16],
       ans3[16:24],
       ans3[24:32],
       ans3[32:40],
       ans3[40:48],
       ans3[48:56],
       ans3[56:]
       ]
 
base3.bind("<Button-1>", call3)
 
moves3=IntVar()
moves3=0
 
prev3=[80,80]
 
board3=[list('.'*8) for count in range(8)]
quizboard3()
 
mainloop()

Code Explanation:

a. draw2(): This function helps in drawing different figures that are hidden under tiles.
b. quizboard3(): It helps in developing the board for the medium level which is a 8×8 box.
c. call3():This function is called when the player clicks on the tile. This function displays the figures hidden in the tile if the two figures are the same and hides the figure if the other figure that is selected is not the same.
d. shuffle(): It takes a list and then reorganizes the elements in the list.

Python Memory Puzzle Game Output

Summary:

We have successfully developed a memory puzzle game with the knowledge of tkinter and python.