Full Form Of TNT

What is the Full form of TNT?

TNT stands for Trinitrotoluene, a yellow solid that is a reagent in the process of chemical synthesis. It is a commonly known explosive substance with smooth handling characteristics. It is effective because it can turn from solid to hot expanding gases very rapidly. 2 Moles of solid can transform nearly into 15 moles of hot gas with some carbon powder to bring out the explosion characteristics.

Properties of TNT

Following are the important properties of TNT:

• Chemical formula: C6H2(NO2)3CH3
• Other names: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-Trinitromethylbenzene, 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluol.
• Molar mass: 227.132 g·mol−1
• Appearance: Solid pale yellow colored
• Melting and boiling point: 80.35 °C and 240.0 °C

A brief history of TNT

• Julius Wilbrand a German chemist invented TNT in 1863. Used as a yellow dye for years.
• In 1891, Carl Haussermann another German chemist identified its explosive function.
• The German army in 1902, introduced it as a filling for artillery shells.
• The British Army substituted lyddite in lyddite-filed shells, with TNT in 1907.

Synthesizing method of TNT

There are three steps in the synthesis of TNT:

• 1st step: Nitration process in the presence of nitric and sulphuric acid helps in the formation of MNT (mononitrotoluene).
• 2nd step: Production of DNT (dinitrotoluene) using nitration process after separation of DNT is done.
• 3rd step: Nitration process used in the formation of TNT from DNT in the presence of oleum and anhydrous nitric acid.

Use of TNT

• Used for explosive purposes in the industry and military sector.
• Suitable for demolitions.
• Can also generate charge transfer salt.