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Hadoop vs Cassandra – Which is Better| 15 Reasons to Learn

DataFlair Team

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Apache Cassandra Vs Hadoop

Today, we will take a look at Hadoop vs Cassandra. There is always a question occurs that which technology is the right choice between Hadoop vs Cassandra.

So, in this article, “Hadoop vs Cassandra” we will see the difference between Apache Hadoop and Cassandra. Although, to understand well we will start with an individual introduction of both in brief.

Apache Cassandra is based on a NoSQL database and suitable for high speed, online transactional data. On the other hand Hadoop concentrate on data warehousing and data lake use cases. It is a big data analytics system.

So, let’s start the Hadoop vs Cassandra.

Difference Between Hadoop and Cassandra

We will see the Big Data Hadoop vs Cassandra difference by discussing the meaning of Hadoop and Cassandra:

a. What is Hadoop?

As we know an open-source software, especially, designed to handle parallel processing is what we call Hadoop. We also use it as a data warehouse for large volume data.

In other words, this is a framework that allows storing as well as processing big data in a distributed environment across clusters of computers by using simple programming models.

Basically, the main aim to design it is to scale up from single servers to thousands of machines. And, especially, to make each of them offering local computation as well as storage.

b. What is Cassandra?

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Whereas, it is simply a NoSQL database, for the purpose of high speed, online transactional data. Well, its best feature is that it works without a single point of failure.

Moreover, it helps to keep the updated status of the surrounding nodes in the cluster with the help of the gossip protocol. There may be a time when one node goes down, at that time the other one takes its responsibility until the failed one is not fixed.

Although, when the nodes exchange the gossip, older information gets overwritten by a newer version of gossip, because all gossip messages possess a version associated with it.

In addition, it supports unstructured data along with a flexible schema.

Feature Wise Comparison of Hadoop vs Cassandra

Now, let’s begin the comparison of Cassandra Vs Hadoop:

a. Supported format

Hadoop handles several types of data such as – structured, semi-structured, unstructured or images.

However, rather than Images, Cassandra handles almost all structured, semi-structured, unstructured datasets. In addition, we can say Cassandra is best to perform on a semi-structured dataset.

b. Usage

Especially, we use Hadoop for batch processing of data.

Whereas, it is mostly used for real-time processing.

c. Work

Hadoop’s core is HDFS, which is a base for other analytical components especially for handling big data.

Well, it works on top HDFS.

d. CAP Parameters(consistency, availability and partition tolerance )

It supports consistency and partition tolerance.

But it supports availability and partition tolerance.

e. Communication

For communication among nodes in a cluster, Hadoop uses RPC/TCP and UDP.

And, it uses gossip protocol, for communication between nodes. Basically, this protocol helps by broadcasting the node status to its peer nodes in the cluster.

f. Architecture

It has a master-slave architecture. Where master is Namenode and Slave is data node.

But it has a distributed architecture. Although, here is a peer to peer communication between all the nodes.

g. Data Access Mode

Basically, to read/write, it uses map-reduce.

Well, it uses Cassandra query language.

h. Fault tolerance

Everything goes for a toss if the master node goes down. Hence, we can say, Hadoop is not good with failure.  

But Cassandra is good with it, because when one node goes down, at that time the other one takes its responsibility until the failed one is not fixed.

i. Data Compression

It compresses files 10-15 % by using best available techniques.

Whereas, it compresses files up to 80% even without any overhead.

j. Data Protection

Access control & Data audit, verify the appropriate user/group permission, in Hadoop.

Whereas, in Cassandra, Data is protected with commit log design. Moreover, backup and restore mechanism (Build in security) plays a vital role here.

k. Latency

While it comes to Hadoop’s latency, its write latency is comparatively less than reading, due to the huge number of nodes.

Its latency is less since it is based on NoSQL. It read/write functions are fast.

l. Indexing

It is difficult in Hadoop.

In Cassandra, it is quite simple due to its data storage in a key-value pair.

m. Data Flow

Here, data is directly written to the data node.

But here, data is written to memory first, in memory structure format that we call as mem-table. And, it is written to disk, once that is full.

n. Data Storage Model

While it comes to data storage, HDFS is the file system here. Basically, all Large files are broken into chunks and further get replicated to multiple nodes.

However, to store data Cassandra uses a Keyspace column family concept. Basically, it offers primary as well as secondary indexes for the high availability of data.

o. Replication Factor

By default, Hadoop has a replication factor of 3.

But in Cassandra, the number of nodes in a data center is the value of replication factor, by default.

So, this was all in Apache Hadoop vs Cassandra. Hope you liked our explanation.

Summary of Hadoop vs Cassandra

Although both Hadoop and Cassandra are potent big data technologies, they each offer unique advantages and applications. A distributed data processing platform called Hadoop was created for big data analysis and batch processing. It is frequently used for data warehousing and log analysis and is ideally suited for managing both organised and unstructured data. Contrarily, Cassandra is a distributed NoSQL database designed for high-velocity data storage and real-time data processing.

It is great at handling high-performance, high-velocity workloads, which makes it the best choice for applications that need to get and analyse data in real-time, including IoT data and user activity tracking. With Hadoop being better for batch processing and complicated analytical jobs and Cassandra being better for real-time, high-velocity data workloads, the decision between the two relies on the precise requirements of the data processing operations.

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