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What is the full form of DVT?
DVT stands for Deep Vein Thrombosis. This is a blood clot that occurs in the veins of a body, usually in the lower leg or thigh. But it can occur in other parts of the body too.
It can develop if a vein weakens or there is poor or no blood circulation in a vein. It usually affects people who are 50 years or older and is a life-threatening condition. Thus, if it occurs then the person should consult a doctor immediately.
Typical symptoms of DVT
- There is swelling on one side of the foot, ankle, or leg usually.
- Cramping in the impacted part.
- Severe discomfort in foot/ankle.
- The affected region reddens and feels warm.
What Causes DVT?
- Vein injury due to injury.
- Obesity.
- Genetic reason: Family Background of DVT.
- Usage of birth control medication.
- Someone who is undergoing replacement therapy or hormone therapy
- Continuous bed rest.
- Bowel inflammatory disorder.
- Smoking
- Sitting, traveling, or driving for a prolonged time.
DVT’s Complications
- Pulmonary embolism: When a blood clot breaks off, its fragments start circulating in the bloodstream, and the blood vessel carrying blood to the lungs blocks one of the fragments.
- Post-thrombotic syndrome: Chronic venous insufficiency occurs. DVT affects the vein valves as blood starts circulating in the lower leg instead of flowing upwards. This can sometimes cause long-term discomfort, swelling, and ulcers.
- Limb ischemia: Pressure in veins becomes very high due to the blood clot. This happens during extreme conditions of DVT and obstructs blood in the arteries limiting the supply of oxygen to the affected region. This is painful and can trigger skin ulcers and gangrene.
Prevention of DVT
- Don’t sit or stand idle for long periods.
- Change your lifestyle.
- Exercise periodically.
- Quit smoking.
- Control your body weight.
- Follow a balanced diet
- Increase fluid intake.
Test for DVT
Doctors perform the following tests to diagnose DVT:
- D-Dimer: A blood test that helps identify the parts of the blood clot flowing in the bloodstream after it breaks down.
- Venogram: Doctors obtain an X-ray of the veins after inserting a special dye into the veins of the foot. This X-ray tells whether a clot is visible in the vein. It is appropriate for below-the-knee identification.
- Doppler ultrasound: Sound waves help track the path of blood flowing in the blood vessels and are appropriate for above-the-knee identification.