{"id":97516,"date":"2021-06-28T09:00:32","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T03:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=97516"},"modified":"2021-06-29T14:13:01","modified_gmt":"2021-06-29T08:43:01","slug":"penetration-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/penetration-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"Penetration Testing Stages, Methods and Types"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Penetration Testing has become an important tool in the department of cybersecurity. It is a simulated cyberattack that is effective in identifying exploitable vulnerabilities. This is applicable for testing devices, systems, applications, servers, networks, and much more.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The tester may opt for breaching multiple application systems, servers, and devices to uncover vulnerabilities. The tester works on &#8220;exploits&#8221; to identify such threats and see inputs that are susceptible to code injection attacks. Knowing such input comes with relevant experience and education.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The exploits act as an insight for the tester to follow the process further. Both hackers and testers work to get these exploits but having the first-mover advantage is better for security. And this method of testing also aligns with government regulation and standards, becoming more reliable for the companies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This method of testing allows consistent and self-initiated improvements according to the assessment report. This is not a non-proactive approach that works when the threats are on the face. It is more like a precautionary tool to make security stronger inside the organization.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Benefits of Penetration Testing<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sectors dealing with confidential information need to secure their data and having this test can help them do so.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To identify persistent threats in case the company faces an attack. This can help them to remove such viruses and secure data.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It allows security against hackers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It helps in identifying weaknesses in systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This also helps to determine the robustness of controls.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aligns with security regulations like PCI DSS, HIPAA, GDPR, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It allows companies to set a budget for future cybersecurity.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Role and Responsibilities of Penetration Testers<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Research about the organization\u2019s information necessary to carry out the test.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identify weaknesses that hackers will have in the system.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Act like a real attacker and not ethically.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Produce work that the company can refer to in the future as well.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Design the duration of the test in advance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Take responsibility for any sort of loss during the testing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keep all data and information confidential at all costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pen testing should be done by someone outside the organization. Because they bring in a new perspective and skills to identify threats. There are many ethical hackers who engage in such testing, they are the right fit for it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Areas of Pen Testing<\/h3>\n<h4>1. Web Application<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testing for web applications includes testing the overall security and potential risks of the target system. This includes coding errors, broken authentication, and injection vulnerabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. Network Security<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Network penetration testing works on identifying vulnerabilities on different types of networks, devices, and hosts. The tester exploits these areas to gain access to critical systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. Cloud Security Tests<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The testers work with cloud providers to test cloud-based systems and applications. They work on cloud deployment, overall risk, and different vulnerabilities. Testers also recommended certain measures to improve the cloud environment.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4. IoT Security Tests<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testers look into different IoT devices and their components before running the test. They follow a layered methodology, analyzing each layer to identify weaknesses.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>5. Social Engineering<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testers use deception to get information access. This is mainly done by using phishing tools to test the company\u2019s defense mechanisms, detection, and reaction.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Five Stages of Penetration Testing<\/h3>\n<h4>1. Planning and reconnaissance<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first stage of the process is to identify the goals and define the scope of work. This includes the method of testing and system address as well. Then the task is to gather intelligence (data) to see potential vulnerabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. Scanning<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This step works on identifying the impact intrusion will have on the target application. There are two ways to do this step &#8211; static analysis and dynamic analysis. Static analysis inspects the application\u2019s code in a single pass to see its behavior while stationary. Dynamic analysis sees the application\u2019s code in a running state to get a real-time perspective.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. Gaining Access<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This step involves using web application attacks to exploit the vulnerabilities like in real critical situations. This may be by cross-site scripting, SQL injection, etc. and see what kind of damage they can do. Sometimes, testers also steal and corrupt data to get a better understanding.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4. Maintaining access<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testers are aware of persistent threats and how they can affect the data. To get a sense of it, they try to maintain access for a long time to see how hackers can exploit it. Persistent threats stay in the system for months and this step works to overcome such situations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>5. Analysis<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The above steps are then compiled into one report which goes to the security team for future reference. It includes specific vulnerabilities, sensitive data access, access duration, and a few recommendations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Three Steps to Consider After a Pen Test<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Reviewing and discussing the analysis. It is very important after step to ensure that the results of the pen test don\u2019t go to waste. The upper-level management and the security team should work together and review what the results are and what led to these situations. This can help them identify qualitative and quantitative risks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Develop a recovery plan and implement it before a retest. It is important to draw a conclusion from testing the security. Companies must make up plan to overcome this weak point and validate their planning with a retest. Taking a retest will ensure that their plan is strong enough to control the entire situation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. The most important step, include this plan in your long-term regulation. These results show the situation of the company at some point and definitely impact its future. Including them in their long-term approach can ensure that employees know how to take care of it in the best possible way.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>How Often Should You Pen Test?<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Penetration testing should be performed on a regular basis to ensure more consistent IT and network security management. A pen-tester will reveal how newly discovered threats or emerging vulnerabilities may potentially be assailed by attackers. In addition to regularly scheduled analysis and assessments required by regulatory mandates, tests should also be run whenever there is &#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Addition of new application<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Change in network infrastructure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Application of security patches<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Upgradation of application or infrastructure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modification of end-user policy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Change in the office location<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Penetration Testing Methods<\/h3>\n<h4>1. External testing<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This method is useful for testing assets of the company accessible on the internet. Web applications and websites are typical examples of this. Testers try to break in from outside to gain access and extract valuable data.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. Internal testing<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This method is to test the application from the back end i.e. behind its firewall. Testers act as malicious insiders and then attack the applications. It may not be an employee necessarily but any other stakeholder who lost her credentials.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. Blind testing<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this case, testers just know the name of the company they have to test. They do their research on the company and attack them as a real hacker. This allows the security team to understand how a real-time attack would look like.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4. Double-blind testing<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a good method to test a company\u2019s preparation for a cyber attack. The tester gets the name of the company without the knowledge of the security team. And when the tester attacks, the security team thinks it to be a real attack.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>5. Targeted<\/strong> testing<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This method requires the tester and the security team to coordinate and test the security. It is more like a training session where they anticipate how an attack would unfold. They get a perspective of both parties as part of the attack.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Types of Penetration Testing<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/Types-of-Penetration-Testing.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-97715\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/Types-of-Penetration-Testing.jpg\" alt=\"Types of Penetration Testing\" width=\"542\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/Types-of-Penetration-Testing.jpg 542w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/Types-of-Penetration-Testing-300x297.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/Types-of-Penetration-Testing-150x148.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/Types-of-Penetration-Testing-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/Types-of-Penetration-Testing-520x514.jpg 520w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/06\/Types-of-Penetration-Testing-320x316.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>1. Black box<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The testers are not aware of the internal system of the company. They attack from the outside and go for externally exploitable weaknesses.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>2. Gray<\/strong> box<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The testers may have information about some credentials and data structure. They conduct the test with all this information like an insider.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. White<strong> box<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The testers have full information about the company\u2019s security system. This allows them to conduct the test is very little time and provides the highest level of assurance.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Penetration testing and web application firewalls<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Penetration testing and WAFs are very important security measures that go hand in hand. Testers usually go for WAD data and its weak point to perform the test. This allows WAF administrators to benefit from it as they can make the weak points stronger.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Difference between Pen testing and Vulnerability assessment<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pen tests and vulnerability assessments are two different methods to identify potential threats. The tester may perform them together due to more accurate results. But pen testing is very specific to an objective like &#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.Identify hackable systems<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.Attempt to hack a specific system<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3.Carry out a data breach<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most of the objectives fall under these categories only. And testers keep them in mind before initiating an attack.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Manual Penetration vs. Automated Penetration Testing<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Manual Penetration Testing<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Automated Penetration Testing<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expert engineers are the ones conducting the test.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The test is conducted by automated software.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Needs different testing tools<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Have integrated tools\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Results vary from test to test<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has fixed result.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Needs to remember cleaning up memory\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not necessary\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exhaustive and time taking<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Efficient and fast<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Better analysis due to professional involvement<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doesn\u2019t analyze at all<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experts can undertake multiple testing.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can conduct one test at a time<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More reliable<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Less reliable<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Top pen-testing tools<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are several <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cybersecurity tools<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> available online. All of them have their advantages and features. Some of the top pen-testing tools are &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kali Linux<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> nmap<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Metasploit<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Wireshark<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> John the Ripper<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Hashcat<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Hydra<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Burp\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Zed Attack Proxy<\/li>\n<li>sqlmap<\/li>\n<li>Aircrack-ng<\/li>\n<li>Suite<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Compliances and Pen Testing<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pen testing aligns with many cybersecurity standards allowing companies to stay under regulations. Some of them are &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HIPAA<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PCI DSS<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SOX<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NERC<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HEOA<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GDPR<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CMMC<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testers undergo this extensive process to see how the company will face such attacks. While the major objective is to see the real-time attack process, testers also check if companies are following the regulations or not. Many of the above standards make it mandatory for companies to do pen testing as part of regular security audits.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>What Is<\/strong> Teaming?<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Teaming is a way of dividing testers into groups of people to simulate real-life attack scenarios. There are three types of team in this process &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>1. Red Teams<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The red team is made of the offenders who identify the limitations and attack the organization. They assess vulnerabilities, test assumptions, and then reveal the information.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. Blue Teams<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The blue team is made of the defenders who come up with protective measures to tackle the situation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. Purple Teams<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is where lines between the blue and red teams become a blur. They both work together with a common objective to improve security. This team solely functions on the basis of communication and coordination.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Disadvantages of Penetration Testing<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cannot identify all vulnerabilities\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Limitations of time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lack of Testing skills\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data Loss and Corruption<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Down Time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increase Costs<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being an IT professional is a tough job as you deal with sensitive data all the time. This makes it important for you to have proper knowledge of security measures and security tools. Knowing what works the best for the company can help you save resources and goodwill. Pen testing is one such tool that is highly beneficial for cybersecurity. This information will allow you to make a more well-informed decision in the field of cybersecurity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Penetration Testing has become an important tool in the department of cybersecurity. It is a simulated cyberattack that is effective in identifying exploitable vulnerabilities. This is applicable for testing devices, systems, applications, servers, networks,&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":97714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23787],"tags":[24644,24646,24637,24636,24639,24640,24638,24635,24642,24645,24643,24641],"class_list":["post-97516","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cyber-security","tag-areas-of-pen-testing","tag-benefits-of-penetration-testing","tag-compliances-and-pen-testing","tag-disadvantages-of-penetration-testing","tag-manual-penetration-vs-automated-penetration-testing","tag-pen-testing-vs-vulnerability-assessment","tag-pen-testing-tools","tag-penetration-testing","tag-penetration-testing-methods","tag-responsibilities-of-penetration-testers","tag-stages-of-penetration-testing","tag-types-of-penetration-testing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Penetration Testing Stages, Methods and Types - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Penetration Testing is important tool in cybersecurity. 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