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<\/a>Introduction to Python Datetime Module<\/p><\/div>\n
What is the Python Datetime Module?<\/h3>\n
The Python datetime module offers functions and classes for working with date and time parsing, formatting, and arithmetic. Let’s start with Python Date Time with Examples.<\/p>\n
Two kinds of date and time objects exist- na\u00efve and aware.<\/p>\n
A na\u00efve object is easier to deal with and doesn\u2019t have enough information to unambiguously locate itself relative to other date\/time objects.<\/p>\n
An aware object is more realistic, it knows applicable algorithmic and political time adjustments.<\/p>\n
To use this module, we must first import it.<\/p>\n
>>> import datetime<\/pre>\nIt has the following constants:<\/p>\n
1. MAXYEAR<\/h4>\n
MAXYEAR tells us the maximum value a year can take, which is 9999.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.MAXYEAR<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n9999<\/div>\n
2. MINYEAR<\/h4>\n
The minimum value of year is 1. This is what MINYEAR returns.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.MINYEAR<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n1<\/div>\n
Both MAXYEAR and MINYEAR are of the type integer.<\/p>\n
>>> type(datetime.MAXYEAR),type(datetime.MINYEAR)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n(<class ‘int’>, <class ‘int’>)<\/div>\n
Bonus- type() is of the type type.<\/p>\n
>>> type(type)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n<class ‘type’><\/div>\n
Other than these constants, the datetime has these datetime class types:<\/p>\n
1. <\/strong>class datetime.date<\/b><\/p>\nPython date is an idealized na\u00efve date considering the current Gregorian calendar.
\nAttributes: year, month, and day.<\/p>\n
2.<\/strong> class datetime.time<\/b><\/p>\nPython time is an idealized time, independent of any particular day. Here, we assume that each day is made of exactly 24*60*60 seconds (no leap seconds).
\nAttributes: hour, minute, second, microsecond, and tzinfo.<\/p>\n
3.<\/strong> class datetime.datetime<\/b><\/p>\nWhen you combine a date and a time, you get a datetime.<\/p>\n
>>> issubclass(datetime.datetime,datetime.date)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\nTrue<\/div>\n
>>> issubclass(datetime.datetime,datetime.time)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\nFalse<\/div>\n
Attributes: year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, and tzinfo.<\/p>\n
4. <\/strong>class datetime.timedelta<\/b><\/p>\nA timedelta is a duration expressing the difference between two date, time, or datetime instances to microsecond resolution.<\/p>\n
5.<\/strong> class datetime.tzinfo<\/b><\/p>\ntzinfo is an abstract base class we use for time zone information objects. The date and time classes use it to provide a customizable notion of time adjustment (for example, to account for time zone and\/or DST(daylight saving time)).<\/p>\n
6.<\/strong> class datetime.timezone<\/b><\/p>\ntimezone implements the tzinfo abstract base class as a fixed offset from UTC.<\/p>\n
Such objects are immutable. Also, objects of the type \u2018date\u2019 are na\u00efve, but those of the types \u2018time\u2019 or \u2018datetime\u2019 may be aware or na\u00efve.<\/p>\n
The next in the Python Datetime Module Tutorial is Date Objects<\/p>\n
Python Date Objects<\/h3>\n
A date object in Python represents a date with year, month, and day, according to the ideal Gregorian calendar.
\nWith a date object, we have the following methods:<\/p>\n
1. date(year, month, day) method in python<\/h4>\n
This method will create an object of type \u2018date\u2019.<\/p>\n
>>> d=datetime.date(2018,2,28)<\/pre>\nHere, year can be from MAXYEAR to MINYEAR, and the month can be from 1 to 12. The day can be from 1 to the number of days in the given month for the given year.<\/p>\n
2. today() method in python<\/h4>\n
today() will return the current local date.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.date.today()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.date(2018, 2, 28)<\/div>\n
3. fromtimestamp(timestamp) method in python<\/h4>\n
fromtimestamp will return the date for the Python timestamp provided.<\/p>\n
>>> import time\r\n>>> time.time()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n1519818814.358453<\/div>\n
>>> datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time())<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.date(2018, 2, 28)<\/div>\n
>>> datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()+999999)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.date(2018, 3, 12)<\/div>\n
The date class also has these attributes:<\/p>\n
1. date.min in Python<\/h4>\n
It returns the earliest representable date.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.date.min<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.date(1, 1, 1)<\/div>\n
2. date.max in Python<\/h4>\n
Like min, max returns the latest representable date.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.date.max<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.date(9999, 12, 31)<\/div>\n
3. date.resolution in Python<\/h4>\n
resolution returns the smallest possible difference between non-equal date objects.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.date.resolution<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.timedelta(1)<\/div>\n
We also have the following instance attributes:<\/p>\n
1. year attribute in Python<\/h4>\n
This returns the year from a date object.<\/p>\n
>>> d=datetime.date(2018,2,28)\r\n>>> d.year<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n2018<\/div>\n
2. month attribute in Python<\/h4>\n
month returns the month from a date object.<\/p>\n
>>> d.month<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n2<\/div>\n
3. day attribute in Python<\/h4>\n
This returns the day from a date object.<\/p>\n
>>> d.day<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n28<\/div>\n
And then, we have the following instance methods:<\/p>\n
1. replace(year, month, day) method in python<\/h4>\n
This will let us update any or all of these three values.<\/p>\n
>>> d=d.replace(month=3,day=1)\r\n>>> d<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.date(2018, 3, 1)<\/div>\n
2. timetuple() method in python<\/h4>\n
timetuple() returns a tuple of attributes for the current local time.<\/p>\n
>>> d.timetuple()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ntime.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=59, tm_isdst=-1)<\/div>\n
3. weekday() method in python<\/h4>\n
weekday() will return the day of the week, where 0 denotes Monday.<\/p>\n
>>> d.weekday()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n2<\/div>\n
4. isoweekday() method in python<\/h4>\n
Here, Monday is 1.<\/p>\n
>>> d.isoweekday()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n3<\/div>\n
5. isocalendar() method in python<\/h4>\n
This method returns a tuple of three things- ISO year, ISO week number, and ISO weekday.<\/p>\n
>>> d.isocalendar()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n(2018, 9, 3)<\/div>\n
6. isoformat() method in python<\/h4>\n
This returns the date in the ISO format.<\/p>\n
>>> d.isoformat()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n‘2018-02-28’<\/div>\n
7. __str__() method in python<\/h4>\n
This will return the current local date as a string.<\/p>\n
>>> d.__str__()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n‘2018-02-28’<\/div>\n
>>> str(d)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n‘2018-02-28’<\/div>\n
8. ctime() method in python<\/h4>\n
ctime returns the current local date in a string format.<\/p>\n
>>> d.ctime()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n‘Wed Feb 28 00:00:00 2018’<\/div>\n
We can also perform some operations on a date object:<\/p>\n
>>> d=datetime.date(2018,12,30)\r\n>>> td=datetime.timedelta(0,99999)\r\n>>> d1=d+td\r\n>>> d1<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.date(2018, 12, 31)<\/div>\n
>>> d1<d<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\nFalse<\/div>\n
The Next in Python Datetime Module Tutorial is Time Objects<\/p>\n
Python Time Objects<\/h3>\n
A time object represents a local time of day. Its arguments are- hour, minute, second, microsecond, and tzinfo.<\/p>\n
>>> t=datetime.time(11,59,59,99999)<\/pre>\nThe class time has the following attributes:<\/p>\n
1. min attribute in Python time<\/h4>\n
This returns the earliest representable time.<\/p>\n
>>> t.min<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.time(0, 0)<\/div>\n
2. max attribute in Python time<\/h4>\n
This returns the latest representable time.<\/p>\n
>>> t.max<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.time(23, 59, 59, 999999)<\/div>\n
3. resolution attribute in Python time<\/h4>\n
resolution returns the smallest possible difference between non-equal time objects.<\/p>\n
>>> t.resolution<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.timedelta(0, 0, 1)<\/div>\n
Now, let\u2019s look at some non-readable instance attributes:<\/p>\n
1. hour attribute in Python time<\/h4>\n
This tells us the hour from the object.<\/p>\n
>>> t.hour<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n11<\/div>\n
2. minute attribute in Python time<\/h4>\n
This returns the minute.<\/p>\n
>>> t.minute<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n59<\/div>\n
3. second attribute in Python time<\/h4>\n
This returns the second.<\/p>\n
>>> t.second<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n59<\/div>\n
4. microsecond attribute in Python time<\/h4>\n
This returns the microsecond.<\/p>\n
>>> t.microsecond<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n99999<\/div>\n
5. tzinfo attribute in Python time<\/h4>\n
This returns whatever we pass as tzinfo to the object while creating it. If we didn\u2019t, it returns None.<\/p>\n
>>> print(t.tzinfo)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\nNone<\/div>\n
6. fold attribute in Python time<\/h4>\n
This disambiguates wall times during a repeated interval.<\/p>\n
>>> t.fold<\/pre>\nWe have the following instance methods:<\/p>\n
1. replace() method in python<\/h4>\n
This does the same as for \u2018date\u2019 objects.<\/p>\n
>>> t=t.replace(hour=22,second=7)<\/pre>\n2. isoformat() method in python<\/h4>\n
This method returns the time in the object in the ISO format.<\/p>\n
>>> t.isoformat()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n’22:59:07.099999′<\/div>\n
3. __str__() method in python<\/h4>\n
This does the same as it does for \u2018date\u2019 objects.<\/p>\n
>>> t.__str__()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n’22:59:07.099999′<\/div>\n
Now in the Python Datetime Module Tutorial Lets move ahead with datetime Objects<\/p>\n
Python datetime Objects<\/h3>\n
A datetime object knows about the date and the time. Arguments include year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, and tzinfo.<\/p>\n
>>> d=datetime.datetime(1995,12,31,10,0)<\/pre>\nWe have the following methods:<\/p>\n
1. today() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
This method returns the current local datetime.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.datetime.today()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.datetime(2018, 2, 28, 19, 9, 40, 751445)<\/div>\n
2. now() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
now() returns the current local date and time, but is more precise than today().<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.datetime.now()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.datetime(2018, 2, 28, 19, 12, 45, 710542)<\/div>\n
3. utcnow() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
utcnow() returns the current UTC time.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.datetime.utcnow()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.datetime(2018, 2, 28, 13, 49, 14, 486367)<\/div>\n
4. fromtimestamp() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
This returns the date and time for the provided timestamp.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.datetime(2018, 2, 28, 19, 20, 24, 55451)<\/div>\n
5. utctimestamp() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
This is like the previous one, but it returns the UTC time.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time.time())<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.datetime(2018, 2, 28, 13, 51, 56, 615793)<\/div>\n
Now, let\u2019s look at the class attributes:<\/p>\n
1. min attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
Like for everything else, this returns the earliest representable datetime.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.datetime.min<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.datetime(1, 1, 1, 0, 0)<\/div>\n
2. max attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
max returns the latest representable datetime.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.datetime.max<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.datetime(9999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999)<\/div>\n
3. resolution attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
Resolution is about the smallest possible difference between non-equal datetime objects.<\/p>\n
>>> datetime.datetime.resolution<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.timedelta(0, 0, 1)<\/div>\n
Now, let\u2019s see some read-only instance attributes:<\/p>\n
1. year attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
This returns the year.<\/p>\n
>>> d.year<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n1995<\/div>\n
2. month attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
This returns the month.<\/p>\n
>>> d.month<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n12<\/div>\n
3. day attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
This returns the day.<\/p>\n
>>> d.day<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n31<\/div>\n
4. hour attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
This returns the hour.<\/p>\n
>>> d.hour<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n10<\/div>\n
5. minute attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
This returns the minute.<\/p>\n
>>> d.minute<\/pre>\n6. second attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
This returns the second.<\/p>\n
>>> d.second<\/pre>\n7. microsecond attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
This returns the microsecond.<\/p>\n
>>> d.microsecond<\/pre>\n8. tzinfo attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
This returns the tzinfo; None, if we passed none while creating the object.<\/p>\n
>>> print(d.tzinfo)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\nNone<\/div>\n
9. fold attribute in Python datetime<\/h4>\n
This is the same as we discussed before.<\/p>\n
>>> d.fold<\/pre>\nFinally, let\u2019s try some instance methods.<\/p>\n
1. replace() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
Again, this is like we have been doing so far.<\/p>\n
>>> d.replace(microsecond=7)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.datetime(1995, 12, 31, 10, 0, 0, 7)<\/div>\n
2. date() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
date() returns a date object from the datetime object.<\/p>\n
>>> d.date()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.date(1995, 12, 31)<\/div>\n
3. time() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
time() returns a time object from the datetime object.<\/p>\n
>>> d.time()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.time(10, 0)<\/div>\n
4. timetz() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
Other than what time() does, timetz() also returns the tzinfo value.<\/p>\n
>>> d.timetz()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.time(10, 0)<\/div>\n
5. astimezone() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
This returns a datetime object with new tzinfo attribute tz, adjusting the date and time data so the result is the same UTC time as self, but in tz\u2019s local time.<\/p>\n
>>> d.astimezone()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\ndatetime.datetime(1995, 12, 31, 10, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(0, 19800), ‘India Standard Time’))<\/div>\n
6. utcoffset() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
If there is a UTC offset, it returns that, else, None.<\/p>\n
>>> print(d.utcoffset())<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\nNone<\/div>\n
7. dst() method in python datetime<\/h4>\n
If Daylight Savings Time applies, it returns its magnitude.<\/p>\n
>>> print(d.dst())<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\nNone<\/div>\n