{"id":94263,"date":"2021-05-25T09:00:21","date_gmt":"2021-05-25T03:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=94263"},"modified":"2021-05-10T19:59:44","modified_gmt":"2021-05-10T14:29:44","slug":"database-management-system-tutorial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/","title":{"rendered":"Database Management System | DBMS Tutorial"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The collection of similar data in one place refers to a database. Let&#8217;s not confuse it with data. Data is a collection of information in the form of facts and figures. The database allows users to manipulate data according to their comfort. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This includes retrieval, insertions, and removal of data. It organizes data in tabular, graphical, and many more forms. The database management system is software to help users in managing data.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It provides an interface for the users to handle data in various forms. This may be during database creating or during the time of update. It also ensures that the data is safe all time while maintaining consistency. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data Definition Language is the scheme that the system follows to see what data will look like in the database. Some famous database management softwares are &#8211; MySQL, Oracle, etc. The task of the database management system includes &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>1. Data Updation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; It is where all the changes in data are made. This may be the addition, removal, or modification of data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2. Data Retrieval<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; It allows retrieval of the data from the database for application usage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3. User Administration <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211;\u00a0 It registers, monitors, maintains and enforces data all the time. This includes securing it, controlling it, managing its performance, and recovering information in case of failure.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>History of Database Management System<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Charles Bachman came up with the first DBMS system in <\/span><b>1960<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Codd by IBM&#8217;S Information Management System enters in <\/span><b>1970<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Peter Chen introduces the Entity-relationship model in <\/span><b>1976<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Relational Model became a database component in <\/span><b>1980<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Object-oriented DBMS develops in <\/span><b>1985<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The incorporation of object orientation in DBMS takes place in the <\/span><b>1990s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A personal DBMS by Microsoft &#8211; MS access came out in <\/span><b>1991<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first Internet database applications came out in <\/span><b>1995<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">XML became relevant to database processing in <\/span><b>1997<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Characteristics of DBMS<\/h3>\n<h4>1. Real-world entities<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This system is very realistic and takes inspiration from real-world entities for its architecture. It includes some features of behavior and attributes too. An example will be a student as an entity and their stream choice as an attribute.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. Relation-based tables<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a relation between the entity and the attribute which comes out in the form of tables. This allows users to understand the architecture by just seeing the table names.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3. Isolation of data and application<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a different entity all together where data becomes passive on which the database works. It also takes care of metadata making it easier to process.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4. Less redundancy<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a rule of normalization that allows splitting a relation in case of redundancy in values. It is a rich and scientific process to reduce the redundancy of data.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>5. Consistency<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The database is always consistent as there are methods and techniques to do so.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>6. Query Language<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has an inbuilt query language to increase the efficiency of data for manipulation and retrieval. The users have access to use as many filters as possible to retrieve data, something which was not possible traditionally.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>7. ACID Properties<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There exists the idea of Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. During transactions, this idea comes in place to manipulate data for multi-transactional environments.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>8. Multiuser and Concurrent Access<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It supports multi-user environments allowing users to access and manipulate parallelly. There are restrictions while transacting but users don&#8217;t know about it.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>9. Multiple views<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The users can view the same file multiple times. This allows them to look at the database with concentration according to their requirements.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>10. Security<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are methods to impose restrictions while accessing data for any use. This is because many users from different teams access it, risking their privacy and security.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>DBMS Users<\/h3>\n<h4>1. Administrators<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are responsible for maintaining the database by seeing who uses it at what time. Administrators create profiles of the users who can access the data and isolate the users without authorization. They also take care of system licenses, required tools, and other maintenance tasks.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2. Designers<\/h4>\n<p>They design the entire database and decide the format that suits them the best. This includes designing entities, relations, views, etc.<\/p>\n<h4>3. End Users<\/h4>\n<p>They are the ones who use it in the end. They can be just viewers who look at it out of curiosity or analysts trying to study market trends.<\/p>\n<h4>4. Application Programmers<\/h4>\n<p>They are the ones who write in the programming language to create database interaction.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications of DBMS<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The banking sector uses it for customer information like their account details, deposits, etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Airlines use it for managing reservations and schedule information.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Universities use it for maintaining student records, registrations, grades, etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The telecommunication sector uses it for maintaining call records, bills, etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finance firms use it for stock information, sales, and other income statements.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sales-related teams use it to keep product and sales information.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manufacturing units use it for inventory management.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HR Management uses it for managing the employee\u2019s salary and incentives.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Types of DBMS<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Types-of-DBMS.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-94266\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Types-of-DBMS.jpg\" alt=\"Types of DBMS\" width=\"1000\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Types-of-DBMS.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Types-of-DBMS-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Types-of-DBMS-150x87.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Types-of-DBMS-768x445.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Types-of-DBMS-720x418.jpg 720w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Types-of-DBMS-520x302.jpg 520w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Types-of-DBMS-320x186.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>1. Hierarchical DBMS<\/h4>\n<p>The data organization is in the form of a tree-like structure. There is a hierarchy in the data storage following a parent-child relationship. And just like this relationship, the parents can have many kids but the kid has only one parent.<\/p>\n<h4>2. Network Model<\/h4>\n<p>The data organization in this has a complex relationship. They are in a graphical form with several paths. To make it easy, the kid can have more than one parent here.<\/p>\n<h4>3. Relational model<\/h4>\n<p>It is one of the easiest models that normalizes data in rows and columns. It follows a fixed structure using SQL.<\/p>\n<h4>4. Object-Oriented Model<\/h4>\n<p>This type of model has data in object forms. The structure it follows has data in class form with both values and operations.<\/p>\n<h3>Components of a DBMS<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Components-of-a-DBMS.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-94267\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Components-of-a-DBMS.jpg\" alt=\"Components of DBMS\" width=\"900\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Components-of-a-DBMS.jpg 900w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Components-of-a-DBMS-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Components-of-a-DBMS-150x105.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Components-of-a-DBMS-768x536.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Components-of-a-DBMS-720x502.jpg 720w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Components-of-a-DBMS-520x363.jpg 520w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Components-of-a-DBMS-320x223.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>1. Storage engine<\/h4>\n<p>This is where all the data goes as it ascites as an interface between the database system and the operating system. It sometimes uses more components to store data at the file system level.<\/p>\n<h4>2. Metadata catalog<\/h4>\n<p>This is the place where DBMS registers all the data at the time of creation. It uses this catalog to verify data requests and then execute them further. The information related to objects, schemas, programs, security, performance, etc. is also available here.<\/p>\n<h4>3. Database access language<\/h4>\n<p>It also needs an API to access data and database access language acts as one in this system. This allows data modification and creation while securing them from unauthorized users. SQL is an example of this language.<\/p>\n<h4>4. Optimization engine<\/h4>\n<p>This engine is to execute requests by database access language by making them actionable commands for data access.<\/p>\n<h4>5. Lock manager<\/h4>\n<p>It is responsible to manage concurrent access to the same data to ensure that users cannot modify it at the same time.<\/p>\n<h4>6. Log manager<\/h4>\n<p>It maintains all the records of change in data in the form of a log. This is an efficient and accurate way of maintaining the records as they help in backups and run recoveries.<\/p>\n<h4>7. Data utilities<\/h4>\n<p>There are a set of utilities to manage database activities like run stats, backup and copy, recovery, load data, etc.<\/p>\n<h3>Advantages of DBMS<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">controls database redundancy<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by storing all the data in one file placed in the database.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It enables <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">data sharing<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by giving access to authorized users of the same company.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">easy to maintain<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> because of its centralized nature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reduces the time<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for development and maintenance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It always keeps a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">backup <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in case of hardware and software failures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It supports<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> multiple user interfaces<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by giving access to many people at a time.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Disadvantages of DBMS<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost of hardware and software<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is high as it needs speed and large memory to work.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It takes up a large<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> size<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of disks to run efficiently.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are more <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">complexity <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and requirements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">higher impact of failure<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as the database is usually in a single system.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Architecture of DBMS<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The architecture of a DBMS system can be central, decentral, or hierarchical. They look at DBMS in different tiers starting from one and ending at three. The architecture without any tier has independent n modules who modify, alter, change and replace by themselves.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>1. 1-tier architecture<\/h4>\n<p>The user can have only one entity to access the database and use it. Any changes here will automatically update the data itself. There are no handy tools for the users and this is generally ideal for database designers and programmers.<\/p>\n<h4>2. 2-tier architecture<\/h4>\n<p>It has an application to access DBMS and it works independently. It manages operation, design, and programming on itself.<\/p>\n<h4>3. 3-tier Architecture<\/h4>\n<p>It is a very complex design as each tier is different in the database. But it is the most common architecture design of DBMS. The tiers are &#8211;<\/p>\n<p><strong>a. Database (Data) Tier<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This tier is for query processing languages. The relations between the data and its constraints are also present here.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Application (Middle) Tier<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The application server and program accessing the data are present at this tier. The user and the data are not aware of each other beyond this tier. This is why this tier becomes a mediator between them.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c. User (Presentation) Tier<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The users are operating through this tier and know nothing above this. The multiple views option is also present at this tier generated by the application.<\/p>\n<p>Multiple-tier database architecture allows more modification and independence in terms of functioning.<\/p>\n<h3>Popular types of DBMS technologies<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RDBMS is adaptable but is quite expensive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NoSQL DBMS works well for loosely defined data structures but needs more application involvement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In-memory database management system gives a faster response but takes up more resources.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Columnar database management system is best for inventory management with similar data.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cloud-based database management system is by a service provider responsible to maintain DBMS.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Popular DBMS Software<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MySQL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Microsoft Access<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oracle<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PostgreSQL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dBASE<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FoxPro<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQLite<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IBM DB2<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LibreOffice Base<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MariaDB<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Microsoft SQL Server\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Important DBMS Terms<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Data Manipulation Languages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 A programming language to modify and add data in the existing database. SQL and DDL are the two types of data manipulation languages that users use commonly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Structured Query Language (SQL) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2013 A type of programming language relevant for tabular database management that is relational in nature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Data Definition Language (DDL)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Again a programming language for modifying existing data in the database, mainly in tabular form.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Primary Key<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; A unique key to identify a particular file.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Foreign Key<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; A key that the primary key uses to identify the relationship between field and component in the table.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Basic DBMS Commands<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CREATE &#8211; Create a database\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ALTER &#8211; Alters the structure of the database<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DROP &#8211; Delete objects\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TRUNCATE &#8211; Remove all records<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COMMENT &#8211; Add comments to the dictionary<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RENAME &#8211; Rename an object<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SELECT &#8211; Retrieve data\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSERT &#8211; Insert data in the table<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPDATE &#8211; Updates existing data\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DELETE &#8211; Delete all records\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MERGE &#8211; Upsert operation\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CALL &#8211; Call a PL\/SQL\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EXPLAIN PLAN &#8211; Interpretation of the data\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LOCK TABLE &#8211; Concurrency Control<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>DBMS vs. Flat File<\/h3>\n<table style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>DBMS<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Flat File Management System<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Multi-user access<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One user access<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Works best for small and large businesses<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Works best for smaller businesses<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Less redundancy and Integrity<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High Redundancy and Integrity\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expensive to Install<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cheap to Install<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can manage complicated transactions<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can&#8217;t manage complicated transactions<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Paradigm Shift from File System to DBMS<\/h3>\n<p>Apart from the differences above, there were many reasons why the file system did not work &#8211;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The redundancy in data was tough here as copying of data did not lead to an update at various sections.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There was inconsistency of data because of typing errors and irregular updates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was difficult to access data as users found it difficult to know the exact file location.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The unauthorized access was easier due to fewer security measures.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There was no concurrent access as only one user could access it at a time.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No backup and recovery were leading to files being lost forever.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Database Schema<\/h3>\n<p>A schema is a structure that gives us an overview of the entire database logically. It mentions the data organization technique and how the relationship between the component is formed.<\/p>\n<p>It has a database description which the users see through a schema diagram. But all elements cannot be part of this diagram. It is of two types &#8211;<\/p>\n<p><b>1. Physical Database Schema<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has the information regarding the actual storage of data and how secondary storage will make space for them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2. Logical Database Schema<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has information regarding logical constraints of the data in the form of tables, views, and integrity constraints.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Database-management-system-normal-image.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-94268\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Database-management-system-normal-image.jpg\" alt=\"Architecture of DBMS\" width=\"900\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Database-management-system-normal-image.jpg 900w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Database-management-system-normal-image-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Database-management-system-normal-image-150x105.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Database-management-system-normal-image-768x536.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Database-management-system-normal-image-720x502.jpg 720w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Database-management-system-normal-image-520x363.jpg 520w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/Database-management-system-normal-image-320x223.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The database designers are the ones designing the schemas for programmers. It is before the database is put in place and thus doesn\u2019t have any content in it.<\/p>\n<p>The logical database schema is the database instance that has all information regarding the operational database. It is flexible and changes with a database ensuring that the users see the most updated version.<\/p>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>These were some of the important points about database management systems. This might look hard to understand at first but is quite easy if you read carefully. RRB, Insurance exams, Bank exams, etc. have computer aptitude subjects in which basic concepts are present.<\/p>\n<p>This topic is also a part of the syllabus making it important for all the applicants. The concept has many subheadings under it to give you a complete understanding of the topic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The collection of similar data in one place refers to a database. Let&#8217;s not confuse it with data. Data is a collection of information in the form of facts and figures. The database allows&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":94265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24027],"tags":[24285,24288,24286,24294,24287,3521,24296,24283,24295,24284,24291,24293,24292,24290,24289],"class_list":["post-94263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-computer-basics-tutorials","tag-advantages-of-dbms","tag-applications-of-a-dbms","tag-architecture-of-dbms","tag-basic-dbms-commands","tag-components-of-a-dbms","tag-database-management-system","tag-database-schema","tag-dbms","tag-dbms-vs-flat-file","tag-disadvantages-of-dbms","tag-features-of-dbms","tag-important-dbms-terms","tag-popular-dbms-software","tag-types-of-dbms","tag-users-of-dbms"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Database Management System | DBMS Tutorial - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Database Management System | DBMS Tutorial - DataFlair\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The collection of similar data in one place refers to a database. Let&#8217;s not confuse it with data. Data is a collection of information in the form of facts and figures. The database allows&#046;&#046;&#046;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DataFlair\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DataFlairWS\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-05-25T03:30:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/What-is-Database-Management-System.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"DataFlair Team\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@DataFlairWS\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@DataFlairWS\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"DataFlair Team\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Database Management System | DBMS Tutorial - DataFlair","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Database Management System | DBMS Tutorial - DataFlair","og_description":"The collection of similar data in one place refers to a database. Let&#8217;s not confuse it with data. Data is a collection of information in the form of facts and figures. The database allows&#46;&#46;&#46;","og_url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/","og_site_name":"DataFlair","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DataFlairWS\/","article_published_time":"2021-05-25T03:30:21+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":628,"url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/What-is-Database-Management-System.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"DataFlair Team","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@DataFlairWS","twitter_site":"@DataFlairWS","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"DataFlair Team","Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/"},"author":{"name":"DataFlair Team","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/#\/schema\/person\/b49855299264df5e27e3ec6c2cd9fde9"},"headline":"Database Management System | DBMS Tutorial","datePublished":"2021-05-25T03:30:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/"},"wordCount":2200,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/What-is-Database-Management-System.jpg","keywords":["Advantages of DBMS","Applications of a DBMS","Architecture of DBMS","Basic DBMS Commands","Components of a DBMS","database management system","Database Schema","DBMS","DBMS vs. Flat File","Disadvantages of DBMS","Features of DBMS","Important DBMS Terms","Popular DBMS Software","Types of DBMS","Users of DBMS"],"articleSection":["Computer Basics Tutorials"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/","url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/","name":"Database Management System | DBMS Tutorial - DataFlair","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/What-is-Database-Management-System.jpg","datePublished":"2021-05-25T03:30:21+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/What-is-Database-Management-System.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/05\/What-is-Database-Management-System.jpg","width":1200,"height":628,"caption":"What is Database Management System"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/database-management-system-tutorial\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Blog Home","item":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Computer Basics Tutorials","item":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/category\/computer-basics-tutorials\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Database Management System | DBMS Tutorial"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/#website","url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/","name":"DataFlair","description":"Learn Today. Lead Tomorrow.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/#organization","name":"DataFlair","url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/Data-Flair.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/07\/Data-Flair.png","width":106,"height":48,"caption":"DataFlair"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DataFlairWS\/","https:\/\/x.com\/DataFlairWS","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dataflair-web-services-pvt-ltd\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/DataFlairWS"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/#\/schema\/person\/b49855299264df5e27e3ec6c2cd9fde9","name":"DataFlair Team","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ef46b745ddad2fad690af626c6ef29b91809ad0a9f5ef398d07817d8cad042f5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ef46b745ddad2fad690af626c6ef29b91809ad0a9f5ef398d07817d8cad042f5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ef46b745ddad2fad690af626c6ef29b91809ad0a9f5ef398d07817d8cad042f5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"DataFlair Team"},"description":"DataFlair Team is a group of passionate educators and industry experts dedicated to providing high-quality online learning resources on programming, Java, Python, C++, DSA, AI, ML, data Science, Android, Flutter, MERN, Web Development, and technology. With years of experience in the field, the team aims to simplify complex topics and help learners advance their careers. At DataFlair, we believe in empowering students and professionals with the knowledge and skills needed to thrive in today\u2019s fast-paced tech industry. Follow us for Free courses, expert insights, tutorials, and practical tips to boost your learning journey.","url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/author\/datafbdad\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94263"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":94269,"href":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94263\/revisions\/94269"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}