{"id":9389,"date":"2018-02-27T09:58:04","date_gmt":"2018-02-27T04:28:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=9389"},"modified":"2026-04-28T14:47:50","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T09:17:50","slug":"python-packages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/python-packages\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Packages – How to Create Your Own Package"},"content":{"rendered":"

Are you tired of searching through those messy files or copying and pasting the same code over and over again?<\/p>\n

Imagine that Python Package is a professional toolkit for your code. Instead of having a bunch of shuffled scripts, you can create a neat, organized folder that you can use anywhere. Whether you want to stay organized or share your work with the world. Creating a package is the best way to code like a pro.<\/p>\n

In today\u2019s article, we will discuss Python Packages. Moreover, we will learn the structure of Python Packages and how to import modules from packages in Python.<\/p>\n

So, let’s start the Python Packages Tutorial.<\/p>\n

\"Python<\/a><\/p>\n

Python Packages Tutorial – How to Create Your Own Package in Python<\/p>\n

What are Python Packages?<\/h3>\n

In our computer systems, we store our files in organized hierarchies. We don\u2019t store them all in one location. Likewise, when our programs grow, we divide them into packages.<\/p>\n

In real-life projects, programs are much larger than what we deal with in our journey of learning Python. A package lets us hold similar modules in one place.<\/p>\n

Like a directory may contain subdirectories and files, a package may contain sub-packages and modules. We have been using modules a lot in the previous lessons.<\/p>\n

Remember math, os, and collections? Those were all modules that ship with Python officially. We will discuss the difference between a module and a package in our next lesson.<\/p>\n

But for now, let\u2019s dive into the world of Python packages.<\/p>\n

Structure of Python Packages<\/h3>\n

As we discussed, a package may hold other Python packages and modules. But what distinguishes a package from a regular directory? Well, a Python package must have an __init__.py file in the directory.<\/p>\n

You may leave it empty, or you may store initialization code in it. But if your directory does not have an __init__.py file, it isn\u2019t a package; it is just a directory with a bunch of Python scripts. Leaving __init__.py empty is indeed good practice.<\/p>\n

Take a look at the following structure for a game:<\/p>\n

\"Python<\/a>

Python Packages Module Structure<\/p><\/div>\n

Here, the root package is Game. It has sub packages Sound, Image, and Level, and file __init__.py. Sound further has modules load, play, and pause, apart from file __init__.py.<\/p>\n

Image has modules open, change, and close, apart from __init__.py. Finally, Level has modules start, load, and over, apart from __init__.py.<\/p>\n

How to Import Modules from Packages in Python?<\/h3>\n

A Python package may contain several modules. To import one of these into your program, you must use the dot operator(.)<\/p>\n

In the above example, if you want to import the load module from the subpackage sound, we type the following at the top of our Python file:<\/p>\n

import Game.Sound.load<\/p>\n

Note that we don\u2019t type the extension, because that isn\u2019t what we refer to the module as. The subpackage Level has a module named load, too, but there is no clash here.<\/p>\n

This is because we refer to the module by its fully qualified name.<\/p>\n

To escape having to type so much every time we needed to use the module, we could also import it under an alias:<\/p>\n

import Game.Sound.load as loadgame<\/p>\n

(If you\u2019re working the interpreter, you may also do the following:
\nloadgame=Game.Sound.load<\/p>\n

This works equally fine.)<\/p>\n

Alternatively, you could do:<\/p>\n

from Game.Sound import load<\/p>\n

Now, if the Sound subpackage has a function volume_up(), we call it this way:
\nloadgame.volume_up(7)<\/p>\n

If we imported this way:<\/p>\n

from Game.Sound.load import volume_up() as volup<\/p>\n

We could call the function simply, without needing to use a full qualifier:
\nvolup(7)<\/p>\n

But this isn\u2019t recommended, as this may cause names in a namespace to clash.<\/p>\n

Further Notes<\/h3>\n

When you import a package, only the modules directly under it are imported. An import does not import the sub-packages.<\/p>\n

>>> import one\r\n>>> one.two<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
Traceback (most recent call last):File “<pyshell#488>”, line 1, in <module>one.two.evenoddAttributeError: module ‘one’ has no attribute ‘two’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Also note that if you want to check where your Python packages are being created, your path will look something like this:<\/p>\n
C:\\Users\\lifei\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36-32\\Lib\\site-packages<\/p>\n
How to Create Your Own Python Package?<\/h3>\n
Now, on to the most interesting part. Like we said, Python packages are nothing but a dictionary with sub-packages and modules, and an __init__.py file.<\/p>\n
In our example, this is the hierarchy we create:<\/p>\n
\"Python<\/a>
How to Create Your Own Python Package<\/p><\/div>\n
This is what we have in evenodd.py:<\/p>\n
def check():\r\n          a=int(input('Enter a number'))\r\n          if a%2==0: print(\"Even\")\r\n          else: print(\"Odd\")<\/pre>\n
Also, we keep each __init__.py empty.<\/p>\n
Now, we import and use it this way:<\/p>\n
>>> from one.two.evenodd import check as check\r\n>>> check()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
Enter a number7
\nOdd<\/div>\n
>>> check()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
Enter a number0
\nEven<\/div>\n
So, this was all about Python Packages. Hope you like our explanation.<\/p>\n
Python Interview Questions on Packages<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. What are the Python Packages?<\/li>\n
  2. How many packages are there in Python?<\/li>\n
  3. What are Python Dist Packages?<\/li>\n
  4. How to create a Python package?<\/li>\n
  5. Why do we need packages in Python?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Conclusion<\/h3>\n
    In this Python Packages tutorial, we discussed packages and how to create them. Apart from that, the Python Package Index(PyPI) provides us with a lot of Python packages to help us with our projects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Are you tired of searching through those messy files or copying and pasting the same code over and over again? Imagine that Python Package is a professional toolkit for your code. 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