{"id":85809,"date":"2021-02-26T09:00:44","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T03:30:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=85809"},"modified":"2021-02-24T11:38:19","modified_gmt":"2021-02-24T06:08:19","slug":"sap-abap-structures-and-views","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/sap-abap-structures-and-views\/","title":{"rendered":"SAP ABAP Structures and Views"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this tutorial, we\u2019ll be learning about two important components of the SAP ABAP system. These are ABAP Structures and ABAP Views.<\/p>\n<h3>What are Structures in SAP ABAP?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A structure is similar to a user-defined data type.<\/li>\n<li>We can create it similarly to a table and use from within an ABAP program.<\/li>\n<li>However, the records in a structure are not addressed from a database table, and the data contained within a structure is not stored in memory i.e. it is only contained in the structure during execution or run-time of the program.<\/li>\n<li>In all, we can create structures in a similar way as a table but can store them only in runtime of a code, defined by the ABAP Data Dictionary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How to create structure in ABAP?<\/h3>\n<p>Here are the steps to create a structure in ABAP beginning with the Data Dictionary &#8211;<\/p>\n<p>1. Open the SAP system.<\/p>\n<p>2. Enter transaction code \u2018SE11\u2019 in top left.<\/p>\n<p>3. Select \u2018Data type\u2019 option radio button.<\/p>\n<p>4. Enter a suitable name for the structure (again, beginning with \u2018Z\u2019 or \u2018Y\u2019) and click on the \u2018Create\u2019 button to proceed.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-85846\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-1.png\" alt=\"How to create structure in ABAP\" width=\"799\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-1.png 799w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-1-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-1-150x92.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-1-768x471.png 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-1-720x442.png 720w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-1-520x319.png 520w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-1-320x196.png 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. Now, select the option \u2018Structure\u2019 and hit enter. This opens a popup window of \u2018Maintain\/Change Structure\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-85849\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-2.png\" alt=\"How to create structure in ABAP\" width=\"489\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-2.png 489w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-2-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-2-150x91.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-2-320x194.png 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. Enter a \u2018Short Description\u2019 of what the structure is about, in your own words for reference.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7. Type in the Component and Component type (which is basically a combination of the two things that make up a structure &#8211; field name &amp; data element)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-85850\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-3.png\" alt=\"How to create structure in ABAP\" width=\"907\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-3.png 907w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-3-300x121.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-3-150x61.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-3-768x311.png 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-3-720x291.png 720w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-3-520x210.png 520w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-structure-in-ABAP-3-320x129.png 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 907px) 100vw, 907px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8. We have created the structure now. You can save it and use it as per the requirement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a program, we can use \u2018BEGIN OF..\u2019 and \u2018END OF..\u2019 additions to the statements \u2018DATA\u2019, \u2018TYPES\u2019 and so on. As in ABAP, we define Structures as data types hence we can code them this way.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>What is a View in SAP ABAP?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A view in SAP ABAP is a temporary storage taken from a table, usually created for a specific purpose.<\/li>\n<li>It is similar to a table for viewing, but we do not store its data in memory, i.e. we create a view and contain it within execution of the program only.<\/li>\n<li>Views are usually created to filter, aggregate or summarise data of one or multiple database tables.<\/li>\n<li>It is also a Data Dictionary object, and acts like a virtual table.<\/li>\n<li>Due to its function of creating summaries, it saves time when a user wants to extract only specific information from a table but does not want the overhead of having to load the entire table at once.<\/li>\n<li>Changes in the base tables (i.e. tables from where views are extracted) cause changes in the view.<\/li>\n<li>But changes in the view do not reflect with changes in the base tables.<\/li>\n<li>In case of multiple base tables, we use \u2018joins\u2019 which require at least one common key between the two tables, as we will see in the next section.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Joins in ABAP<\/h3>\n<p>As mentioned previously, we use joins to create views from more than one database table.<\/p>\n<p>We use the common key between the tables as an anchor point from which to compare records and merge corresponding one from either table.<\/p>\n<h3>Types of Join in SAP ABAP<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/types-of-joins-in-SAP-ABAP.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-85826\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/types-of-joins-in-SAP-ABAP.jpg\" alt=\"types of joins in SAP ABAP\" width=\"900\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/types-of-joins-in-SAP-ABAP.jpg 900w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/types-of-joins-in-SAP-ABAP-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/types-of-joins-in-SAP-ABAP-150x83.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/types-of-joins-in-SAP-ABAP-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/types-of-joins-in-SAP-ABAP-720x400.jpg 720w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/types-of-joins-in-SAP-ABAP-520x289.jpg 520w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/types-of-joins-in-SAP-ABAP-320x178.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Here are the types of joins in SAP ABAP &#8211;<\/p>\n<h4>1. Inner Join in ABAP<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Inner joins merge only those records from two tables that have a corresponding match in each other<\/li>\n<li>That is, it only selects records where the key is present in both tables<\/li>\n<li>If table 1 contains a key that table 2 does not, it will simply not include the record with this key in the view<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. Outer join in SAP ABAP<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>As opposed to the inner join, the outer join will select records irrespective of whether it finds a match in the other table.<\/li>\n<li>It will display all records from both tables.<\/li>\n<li>If a key is common between the two tables, it will display those records side by side.<\/li>\n<li>But if a key from say, table 1 does not have a corresponding match from table 2, it will still display that record but will show its table 2 counterpart as blank entries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How to create a view in ABAP<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>To create a view, first we need to have the two tables that we will use for merging records in the view.<\/li>\n<li>Now, these tables must use the \u2018JOIN\u2019 statement.<\/li>\n<li>You can also apply a few conditions to join the two tables.<\/li>\n<li>Save and activate the program to join the table.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Here are the steps to create view in SAP ABAP &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Open the SAP system.<\/p>\n<p>2. Enter transaction code \u2018SE11\u2019 in top left.<\/p>\n<p>3. Select the \u2018Views\u2019 option radio button.<\/p>\n<p>4. Enter a suitable name for the view (again, beginning with \u2018Z\u2019 or \u2018Y\u2019) and click on the \u2018Create\u2019 button to proceed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-85854\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-1.png\" alt=\"How to create a view in ABAP\" width=\"738\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-1.png 738w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-1-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-1-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-1-720x478.png 720w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-1-520x345.png 520w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-1-320x212.png 320w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-1-272x182.png 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 738px) 100vw, 738px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>5. Enter a \u2018Short Description\u2019 of the view for further purposes.<\/p>\n<p>6. Select button called \u2018Table fields\u2019 which opens the field selection screen for table 1. Use check options to include whichever fields you want in the view.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-85853\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-2.png\" alt=\"How to create a view in ABAP 2\" width=\"1048\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-2.png 1048w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-2-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-2-1024x288.png 1024w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-2-150x42.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-2-768x216.png 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-2-720x203.png 720w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-2-520x146.png 520w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/How-to-create-a-view-in-ABAP-2-320x90.png 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1048px) 100vw, 1048px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>7. Follow the same steps for table 2 and save.<\/p>\n<p>8. In the popup window of \u2018Maintain\/Change View\u2019 use option \u2018Display\/Maintenance Allowed\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>9. Save and activate view.<\/p>\n<h3>Types of views in ABAP<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Types-of-views-in-SAP-ABAP.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-85827\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Types-of-views-in-SAP-ABAP.jpg\" alt=\"Types of views in SAP ABAP\" width=\"1050\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Types-of-views-in-SAP-ABAP.jpg 1050w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Types-of-views-in-SAP-ABAP-300x129.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Types-of-views-in-SAP-ABAP-1024x439.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Types-of-views-in-SAP-ABAP-150x64.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Types-of-views-in-SAP-ABAP-768x329.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Types-of-views-in-SAP-ABAP-720x309.jpg 720w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Types-of-views-in-SAP-ABAP-520x223.jpg 520w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/02\/Types-of-views-in-SAP-ABAP-320x137.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>There are various types of views available in ABAP. They are as follows &#8211;<\/p>\n<h4>1. Database view in ABAP<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A database view is created when we use an \u2018INNER JOIN\u2019 on multiple tables<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Hence, it only shows matching or corresponding entries from multiple tables in the view<\/li>\n<li>However, it is a \u2018READ-ONLY\u2019 view, i.e. we cannot perform any updates or changes on the view once created<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2. Projection view in ABAP<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A projection view is created on a single table<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Hence, the usual purposes of a projection view is to create a concise view of the table with only those records that are currently required for the purpose<\/li>\n<li>It is used to \u2018filter out\u2019 the table and keep only those rows that are needed<\/li>\n<li>We can modify projection views once created, so they are not \u2018READ-ONLY\u2019 views<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. Maintenance view in ABAP<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintenance views, as opposed to Database views, are created using \u2018OUTER JOIN\u2019 and are not \u2018READ-ONLY\u2019<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Thus they show entries from all tables that match the condition, irrespective of them having a corresponding entry in the other table or tables<\/li>\n<li>They can be modified and updated whenever required<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. Help view in ABAP<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Help views are the search help version of views<\/span><\/li>\n<li>They combine data using outer join, but we cannot update it hence it is a \u2018READ-ONLY\u2019 view<\/li>\n<li>We can create help views on two or more tables, and we cannot run it directly<\/li>\n<li>Help views are useful as a selection method when we use Search Help in ABAP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Summary<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this tutorial, we learnt about structures and views. We learnt their purpose, their functions, their types and how to create structures and views in ABAP.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this tutorial, we\u2019ll be learning about two important components of the SAP ABAP system. These are ABAP Structures and ABAP Views. What are Structures in SAP ABAP? A structure is similar to a&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":85825,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23786],"tags":[23809,23807,23810,23805,23808,23806],"class_list":["post-85809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sap-abap","tag-inner-join-in-abap","tag-joins-in-abap","tag-outer-join-in-sap-abap","tag-structures-in-sap-abap","tag-types-of-abap-joins","tag-views-in-sap-abap"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SAP ABAP Structures and Views - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn What is a Structure in SAP ABAP abd how to create it, What are ABAP Views and Joins, Types of joins and views in SAP ABAP.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/sap-abap-structures-and-views\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SAP ABAP Structures and Views - 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