{"id":8130,"date":"2018-02-15T09:10:36","date_gmt":"2018-02-15T03:40:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=8130"},"modified":"2026-04-22T15:11:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T09:41:04","slug":"python-file","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/python-file\/","title":{"rendered":"Python File i\/o – Python Write to File and Python Read File"},"content":{"rendered":"

An important component of an operating system is its file and directories. We\u2019ve talked about Python Directories.<\/p>\n

In that, we learned to manipulate (create, rename, delete,..) directories.<\/p>\n

Today, we will talk about Python file I\/O. After this lesson, you will be able to Python open file, Python close file, Python read file, and Python writes to file.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s begin.<\/p>\n

What is Python File?<\/h3>\n

A file is a location on disk that stores related information and has a name. A hard-disk is non-volatile, and we use files to organize our data in different directories on a hard-disk.<\/p>\n

The RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile; it holds data only as long as it is up. So, we use files to store data permanently.<\/p>\n

To read from or write to a file, we must first open it. And then when we\u2019re done with it, we should close it to free up the resources it holds (Open, Read\/Write, Close).<\/p>\n

Python Open File<\/h3>\n

To start Python file i\/o, we deal with files and have a few in-built functions and methods in Python. To open a file in Python, we use the read() method.<\/p>\n

But first, let\u2019s get to the desktop, and choose a file to work with.<\/p>\n

>>> import os\r\n>>> os.getcwd()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘C:\\\\Users\\\\lifei\\\\AppData\\\\Local\\\\Programs\\\\Python\\\\Python36-32’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
>>> os.chdir('C:\\\\Users\\\\lifei\\\\Desktop')\r\n>>> os.listdir()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
[‘Adobe Photoshop CS2.lnk’, ‘Atom.lnk’, ‘Backup iPhone7+ 20-1-18’, ‘Burn Book.txt’, ‘ch’, ‘desktop.ini’, ‘dmkidnap.png’, ‘Documents’, ‘Eclipse Cpp Oxygen.lnk’, ‘Eclipse Java Oxygen.lnk’, ‘Eclipse Jee Oxygen.lnk’, ‘gifts.jpg’, ‘Items for trip.txt’, ‘Major temp’, structure’, ‘office temp.jpg’, ‘Papers’, ‘Remember to remember.txt’, ‘To do.txt’, ‘Today.txt’]<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
If this seems new to you, be sure to check out Python Directory.<\/p>\n
Now, let\u2019s open Python file \u2018To do.txt\u2019.<\/p>\n
>>> open('To do.txt')<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
<_io.TextIOWrapper name=’To do.txt’ mode=’r’ encoding=’cp1252′><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
But to work with this, we must store it into a Python variable. Let\u2019s do this.<\/p>\n
>>> todo=open('To do.txt')\r\n>>> todo<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
<_io.TextIOWrapper name=’To do.txt’ mode=’r’ encoding=’cp1252′><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
We wouldn\u2019t have to change directory if we just passed the full path of\u00a0Python file to open(). But let\u2019s work with this for now.<\/p>\n
\"Python<\/a>
Python File I\/O – Python Open File<\/p><\/div>\n
1. File Modes in Python<\/h4>\n
While opening Python file, we can declare our intentions by choosing a mode. We have the following modes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Mode<\/strong><\/td>\nDescription<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r<\/td>\nTo read a file (default)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
w<\/td>\nTo write a file; Creates a new file if it doesn\u2019t exist, truncates if it does<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
x<\/td>\nExclusive creation; fails if a file already exists<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a<\/td>\nTo append at the end of the file; create if doesn\u2019t exist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t<\/td>\nText mode (default)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b<\/td>\nBinary mode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
+<\/td>\nTo open a file for updating (reading or writing)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Let\u2019s take a couple of examples.<\/p>\n
>>> todo=open('To do.txt','r+b') #To read and write in binary mode\r\n>>> todo=open('To do.txt','a')<\/pre>\n
2. Choosing Your Encoding<\/h4>\n
Also, it is good practice to specify what encoding we want, because different systems use a different encoding. While Windows uses \u2018cp1252\u2019, Linux uses \u2018utf-8\u2019.<\/p>\n
>>> todo=open('To do.txt',mode='r',encoding='utf-8')<\/pre>\n
3. When Python File Doesn\u2019t Exist<\/h4>\n
Finally, if you try opening\u00a0Python file that doesn\u2019t exist, the interpreter will throw a FileNotFoundError.<\/p>\n
>>> todo=open('abc.txt')<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
Traceback (most recent call last):File “<pyshell#27>”, line 1, in <module><\/p>\n
todo=open(‘abc.txt’)<\/p>\n
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: ‘abc.txt’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Tell us how do you like the Python Open file Explanation.<\/p>\n
Python Close File<\/h3>\n
When we tried to manually go rewrite the Python file, it threw this error dialog when we attempted to save it.<\/p>\n
So, remember, always close what you open:<\/p>\n
>>> todo.close()<\/pre>\n
\"Python<\/a>
Python File I\/O – Python Close File<\/p><\/div>\n
1. Try..finally in Python<\/h4>\n
But if an exception occurs in the middle of our code, the file remains open, and the resources aren\u2019t freed.<\/p>\n
To take care of these situations, we put the close() method in the finally-block.<\/p>\n
>>> try:\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f=open('To do.txt')\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 print(\"Before\")\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 print(1\/0)\r\nfinally:\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 f.close()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
BeforeTraceback (most recent call last):<\/p>\n
File “<pyshell#51>”, line 4, in <module><\/p>\n
print(1\/0)<\/p>\n
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
2. With statement in Python<\/h4>\n
If you think having to put close() every time you\u2019re done with a Python file is bunk, use the \u2018with\u2019 statement.<\/p>\n
>>> with open('To do.txt') as f:\r\n        f.read()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘Get groceries\\nOrganize room\\nPrint labels\\nWrite article\\nStudy for exam’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
With this, it will close the file implicitly as soon as it finishes executing the statements under the block.<\/p>\n
Python Read File<\/h3>\n
To read the contents of a Python file, we can do one of these:<\/p>\n
\"Python<\/a>
Python File I\/o – Python Read File<\/p><\/div>\n
1. The read() Method in Python<\/h4>\n
We can use the read() method to read what\u2019s in a Python file.<\/p>\n
>>> with open('To do.txt') as todo:\r\n          todo.read()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘Get groceries\\nOrganize room\\nPrint labels\\nWrite article\\nStudy for examLearn to cook\\nLearn to cook’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
When we provide an integer argument to read(), it reads that many characters from the beginning of the Python file.<\/p>\n
>>> todo=open('To do.txt')\r\n>>> todo.read(5)<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘Get g’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Now when we call read() without any arguments, it reads the rest of the Python file.<\/p>\n
>>> todo.read()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘roceries\\nOrganize room\\nPrint labels\\nWrite article\\nStudy for examLearn to cook\\nLearn to cook’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Notice that it prints a \u2018\\n\u2019 for a newline.<\/p>\n
And when we yet read it, it prints an empty string, because the cursor has reached the end of the Python file.<\/p>\n
>>> todo.read()\r\n''<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
>> todo.close()<\/div>\n
2. Seek() and tell() method in Python<\/h4>\n
Okay, jokes apart, these two methods let us reposition the cursor and find its position. tell() tells us where the cursor is.<\/p>\n
>>> todo=open('To do.txt')\r\n>>> todo.read(5)<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘Get g’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
>>> todo.tell()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
5<\/div>\n
seek() takes an integer argument, and positions the cursor after that many characters in the Python file.<\/p>\n
Along with that, it returns this new position of the cursor.<\/p>\n
>>> todo.seek(0)<\/pre>\n
>>> todo.read()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
‘Get groceries\\nOrganize room\\nPrint labels\\nWrite article\\nStudy for examLearn to cook\\nLearn to cook’<\/div>\n
seek() and tell() are like seekg(), seekp(), tellg(), and tellp() in C++.<\/p>\n
3. Using Python For-loop<\/h4>\n
We can simply use a for-loop to iterate on a file. This is the beauty of Python- it simplifies everything.<\/p>\n
>>> for line in open('To do.txt'):\r\n           print(line,end='')<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
Get groceries
\nOrganize room
\nPrint labels
\nWrite article
\nStudy for exam
\nLearn to cook<\/div>\n
We used the \u2018end\u2019 parameter to prevent the interpreter from adding extra newlines to each output.<\/p>\n
Otherwise, the output would have looked like this:<\/p>\n
>>> for line in open('To do.txt'):\r\n         print(line)<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
Get groceries
\nOrganize room
\nPrint labels
\nWrite article
\nStudy for exam
\nLearn to cook<\/div>\n
4. Readline() method in Python<\/h4>\n
Alternatively, the method readline() lets us read one line at a time. Simply put, the interpreter stops after every \u2018\\n\u2019.<\/p>\n
>>> todo=open('To do.txt')\r\n>>> todo.readline()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘Get groceries\\n’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
>>> todo.readline()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘Organize room\\n’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
>>> todo.readline()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘Print labels\\n’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
>>> todo.readline()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘Write article\\n’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
>>> todo.readline()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘Study for exam\\n’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
>>> todo.readline()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘Learn to cook’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
>>> todo.readline()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
”<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
>>> todo.readline()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
”<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
5. Readlines() method in Python<\/h4>\n
Lastly, the readlines() method reads the rest of the lines\/file.<\/p>\n
>>> todo.seek(0)<\/pre>\n
>>> todo.read(5)<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
‘Get g’<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
>>> todo.readlines()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
[‘Groceries\\n’, ‘Organize room\\n’, ‘Print labels\\n’, ‘Write article\\n’, ‘Study for exam\\n’, ‘Learn to cook’]<\/p>\n
Under the hood, Python buffers reads to speed things up. Calling file.read() grabs the whole text, while file.readline() pulls one line at a time for memory-safe handling of big logs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Python Write to File<\/h3>\n
To write a Python file, we use the write() method.<\/p>\n
>>> todo=open('To do.txt')\r\n>>> todo.write(\"HI\")<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
Traceback (most recent call last):File “<pyshell#56>”, line 1, in <module><\/p>\n
todo.write(“HI”)<\/p>\n
io.UnsupportedOperation: not writable<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Here, we did not open the Python file in a writable format. Let\u2019s open it properly.<\/p>\n
>>> todo=open('To do.txt','a')\r\n>>> todo.write('\\nLearn to cook')<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
14<\/div>\n
>>> todo.close()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
When we checked in the file (refreshed it), we found:Get groceries
\nOrganize room
\nPrint labels
\nWrite article
\nStudy for exam
\nLearn to cook<\/div>\n
Concluding, you can use \u2018w\u2019, \u2018a\u2019, or \u2018x\u2019. The \u2018w\u2019 erases the content and writes over it. So, be careful with it.<\/p>\n
Also, write() returned 14 here because it appended 14 characters to\u00a0Python file.<\/p>\n
But you can\u2019t read a Python file if you open it in \u2018a\u2019 mode.<\/p>\n
>>> todo=open('To do.txt','a')\r\n>>> todo.read()<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n
Traceback (most recent call last):File “<pyshell#13>”, line 1, in <module><\/p>\n
todo.read()<\/p>\n
io.UnsupportedOperation: not readable<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
To get around this, you\u2019d have to use \u2018a+r\u2019.<\/p>\n
So, this was all about Python File I\/O Tutorial. Hope you like our explanation.<\/p>\n
Python Interview Questions on File I\/O<\/h3>\n
1. What is file i\/o in Python?<\/p>\n
2. How to use file i\/o in Python?<\/p>\n
3. How does file i\/o work in Python?<\/p>\n
4. How do you write output to a file in Python?<\/p>\n
5. Why do we need files in Python?<\/p>\n
Conclusion<\/h3>\n
In this Python file i\/o tutorial, we saw a few Python functions and methods like read(), write(), readline(), readlines(), seek(), and tell().<\/p>\n
Mastering these basics is your first step to building real-world applications that can save and download information.<\/p>\n
If you keep practicing these skills, you\u2019ll learn how they can be useful in tackling advanced tasks such as spreadsheets and databases.<\/p>\n
Now, you\u2019re able to manipulate files on a rudimentary level. Go ahead and practice, and come back again tomorrow for more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
An important component of an operating system is its file and directories. We\u2019ve talked about Python Directories. In that, we learned to manipulate (create, rename, delete,..) directories. Today, we will talk about Python file...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":8148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[4683,6447,10417,10534,10535,10537,10734,10797,10928,11362,11388,12694,14974,15296,15863],"class_list":["post-8130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag-file-in-python","tag-if-a-file-doesnt-exist","tag-python-close-file","tag-python-file","tag-python-file-io","tag-python-file-modes","tag-python-open-file","tag-python-read-files","tag-python-write-to-file","tag-read-method","tag-readlines","tag-seek-and-tell","tag-try-finally","tag-using-python-for-loop","tag-what-is-python-file"],"yoast_head":"\nPython File i\/o - Python Write to File and Python Read File - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Python File i\/o-What is Python file, read file, open file, close file, write to file, readliness(), seek(), tell() etc with examples\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/python-file\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Python File i\/o - 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