{"id":64110,"date":"2019-08-07T19:06:29","date_gmt":"2019-08-07T13:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=64110"},"modified":"2021-02-17T21:32:21","modified_gmt":"2021-02-17T16:02:21","slug":"javascript-data-structures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/javascript-data-structures\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript Data Structures Tutorial &#8211; Learn its Types and Implementation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='__iawmlf-post-loop-links' style='display:none;' data-iawmlf-post-links='[{&quot;id&quot;:1454,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\/wiki\\\/JavaScript&quot;,&quot;archived_href&quot;:&quot;http:\\\/\\\/web-wp.archive.org\\\/web\\\/20251208180004\\\/https:\\\/\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\/wiki\\\/JavaScript&quot;,&quot;redirect_href&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;checks&quot;:[{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-09 07:25:01&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-12 10:12:19&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-19 20:12:26&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-23 14:26:43&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-26 20:33:05&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-30 03:46:49&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-03 10:04:10&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-08 07:59:48&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-11 13:08:47&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-16 08:13:22&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-20 13:51:36&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-24 03:23:30&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-28 01:26:04&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-31 06:28:41&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-03 10:56:46&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-10 05:25:16&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-13 14:40:22&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-16 17:27:49&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-20 11:10:49&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-26 10:59:31&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:404},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-02 23:12:45&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-07 09:23:37&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-16 15:08:09&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-20 11:51:02&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-26 05:27:11&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-01 15:53:39&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-05 04:38:58&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-10 05:37:32&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-14 10:47:54&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-17 11:57:53&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-21 02:42:11&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-24 09:17:36&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-28 02:46:05&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-01 07:17:08&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:429},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-05 18:21:06&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-11 11:12:51&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-14 16:04:50&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-17 16:56:01&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-21 17:58:16&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-25 08:21:54&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-30 04:19:24&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-02 22:21:06&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:404},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-06 18:08:05&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-11 08:17:02&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200}],&quot;broken&quot;:false,&quot;last_checked&quot;:{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-11 08:17:02&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},&quot;process&quot;:&quot;done&quot;}]'><\/div>\n<p>Next article in JavaScript DataFlair Tutorial Series will focus on different data structures in JavaScript. We will start with understanding what data structures are, then we will continue with its classification. Also, we will understand some of the basic data structures in a little more depth. But before we start with our tutorial on JavaScript Data Structure, we would recommend you to go through our previous tutorial on <a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/javascript-array\/\"><em><strong>JavaScript Array<\/strong><\/em><\/a>. This is because you need to have a basic understanding of JavaScript to be able to understand this topic.<\/p>\n<h2>What are JavaScript Data Structures?<\/h2>\n<p>A JavaScript Data Structure is a specific technique to organize and store data in a computer so that we can access and modify it efficiently. More accurately, it is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that we can apply to the data.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the advantages of using data structures are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They provide an easy way to manage large datasets.<\/li>\n<li>They simplify the processing of data on a computer.<\/li>\n<li>These are essential for designing efficient program algorithms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But, only advanced users can make changes to data structures. So if you run into any problem, you\u2019ll need an expert\u2019s advice. The diagram below illustrates the types of data structures available in every programming language, including <em>JavaScript<\/em>. You will see some other data structures including <strong>trie<\/strong>, but these are advanced topics and it\u2019s not relevant to mention them here.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/JavaScript-data-structures.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-67265\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/JavaScript-data-structures.png\" alt=\"JavaScript-data-structures\" width=\"582\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/JavaScript-data-structures.png 582w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/JavaScript-data-structures-150x89.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/JavaScript-data-structures-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/JavaScript-data-structures-520x307.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Types of Data Structures in JavaScript<\/h3>\n<p>We discussed various primitive data structures that JavaScript provides in our prior tutorial on <a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/javascript-data-types\/\"><em><strong>Data Types in JavaScript<\/strong><\/em><\/a>. This tutorial will focus on non-primitive data structures. They are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A<strong> linear data structure<\/strong> traverses its elements sequentially. We can reach only one data item directly. To access other elements, you need the help of that base element.<\/li>\n<li>Unlike linear data structures, <strong>non-linear data structures<\/strong> don\u2019t traverse in a sequence. Every data item connects with numerous other items, reflecting specific relationships.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Static data structures<\/strong> have a fixed memory size, that is, you need to state the maximum size of the structure well in advance. We cannot allocate the memory later. The example of static data structure is arrays. We learned about them in the DataFlair&#8217;s previous tutorial on JavaScript Arrays.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dynamic data structures<\/strong> differ from static data structures in the way that we can modify the memory size allocated to it. These include <em>queue, stack and linked lists<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The following table states the difference between static and dynamic data structures very clearly.<\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"100\" \/>\n<col width=\"100\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Static Data Structures<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Dynamic Data Structures<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">Memory is either wasted (underflow) or is insufficient (overflow).<\/td>\n<td>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">The amount of memory allocated varies, preventing memory wastage.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">Fast access to the data elements since the memory location is decided while writing the program.<\/td>\n<td>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">Slower access to each element since memory allocation happens at run time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">Structures have fixed size, making them predictable and easier to work with.<\/td>\n<td>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">Structures vary in size, thus complex algorithms are necessary to deal with them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">The relationship between different elements remains constant.<\/td>\n<td>\n<div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">The relationship between the elements changes as the program executes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>1. Linked List<\/h3>\n<p>A linked list maintains a list in the memory. The script has the base address of the first element, that contains the link to the next element in the list. You can only access an element (except the base element) using the previous element.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/Linked-List-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67654 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/Linked-List-1.png\" alt=\"Linked List - JavaScript Data Structures\" width=\"688\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/Linked-List-1.png 688w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/Linked-List-1-150x31.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/Linked-List-1-300x63.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/Linked-List-1-520x109.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Linked lists store these elements in what we call a <strong>node<\/strong>. A node comprises of a<strong> data value<\/strong> and the link (address) to the next element. The first node is the <strong>head<\/strong> while the last node is the <strong>tail<\/strong> of the list. The tail, as shown in the diagram, contains the value <strong>NULL<\/strong> in place of a link. The code below creates a node:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&lt;html&gt;\r\n  &lt;body&gt;\r\n\r\n    &lt;script&gt;\r\n      class Node { \/\/defining a JavaScript class\r\n          constructor(data) { \/\/constructor method\r\n              this.data = data; \/\/data value of the node\r\n              this.next = null; \/\/link of the next node\r\n          }\r\n      }\r\n      const head = new Node(12); \/\/creating a node\r\n    &lt;\/script&gt;\r\n\r\n  &lt;\/body&gt;\r\n&lt;\/html&gt;<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Screenshot:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-65605\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure.jpg\" alt=\"node.datastructure\" width=\"1298\" height=\"744\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure.jpg 1298w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-768x440.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-1024x587.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-520x298.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1298px) 100vw, 1298px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-gray-border aligncenter wp-image-65606 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op.jpg\" alt=\"node.datastructure op\" width=\"1300\" height=\"740\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op.jpg 1300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op-150x85.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op-768x437.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op-1024x583.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op-520x296.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s add another node in our code with the following statement at the end of the script:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">head.next = new Node(45);<\/pre>\n<p>The <strong>output<\/strong> in your console window will look something like this:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-gray-border aligncenter wp-image-65608 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op2.jpg\" alt=\"node.datastructure op2\" width=\"1300\" height=\"742\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op2.jpg 1300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op2-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op2-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op2-768x438.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op2-1024x584.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/node.datastructure-op2-520x297.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Note that now the<strong> next<\/strong> of the first element contains the link of the subsequent element.<\/p>\n<p>There is a more efficient way to add several nodes to a linked list effectively, but they are not part of basic JavaScript. As you grow as a programmer, you will gain a better understanding of how it works.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Stack<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-66290\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack.png\" alt=\"stack - JavaScript Conditional Statements\" width=\"389\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack.png 389w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-150x110.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-300x219.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A stack is an ordered list which follows <strong>LIFO<\/strong> (last in first out) algorithm. You can access the elements of a stack from only a single end, called <strong>top<\/strong>. A very common example of a stack, we see in our daily lives, is the stack of chairs. You can only access the top chair at a time. The only way to reach a chair in the middle is by going through all the chairs above it. In our very first tutorial on <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/javascript-tutorial\/\">Introduction to JavaScript<\/a><\/strong><\/em>, we learned about the call stack which works with the instructions we want to execute. Stacks are crucial for programming, so you must know them well because you are going to work with them a lot while developing.<\/p>\n<p>We can implement a stack using a static data structure (array) or a linked list. Both approaches have their own advantages but as a beginner, we will implement stack using an array. The code below creates a new stack and pushes two elements in the stack using the predefined <strong>push()<\/strong> function:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&lt;html&gt;\r\n  &lt;body&gt;\r\n\r\n    &lt;script&gt;\r\n      let stack = []; \/\/create empty stack using array\r\n      \/\/push\r\n      stack.push(65);\r\n      stack.push(10);\r\n    &lt;\/script&gt;\r\n\r\n  &lt;\/body&gt;\r\n&lt;\/html&gt;<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Screenshot:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack.jpg\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-65609\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack.jpg\" alt=\"stack\" width=\"1298\" height=\"742\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack.jpg 1298w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-520x297.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1298px) 100vw, 1298px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>I removed the top element from my stack directly from the console using the <strong>pop()<\/strong> function. You can add the statement in your source code as well. The <strong>output<\/strong> will look something like this:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-op.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-gray-border aligncenter wp-image-65610 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-op.jpg\" alt=\"stack op\" width=\"1301\" height=\"741\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-op.jpg 1301w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-op-150x85.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-op-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-op-768x437.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-op-1024x583.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/stack-op-520x296.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1301px) 100vw, 1301px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>3. Queue<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/queue.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67655 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/queue.png\" alt=\"queue - JavaScript Data Structures\" width=\"553\" height=\"143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/queue.png 553w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/queue-150x39.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/queue-300x78.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/queue-520x134.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 553px) 100vw, 553px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A queue is another type of ordered list which follows <strong>FIFO<\/strong> (first in first out) algorithm. It has two ends, <strong>front<\/strong> (elements added) and <strong>rear<\/strong> (elements removed). A common example you may see is a queue of cars in a one-way lane. The first car that enters the lane is the first one to exit. Also, the car in the middle cannot exit the queue until all the cars before it.<\/p>\n<p>The process of inserting an element in the queue is <strong>enqueueing<\/strong> while removing an element is <strong>dequeuing.<\/strong> Similar to stacks, we can implement queues with the help of both an array and a linked list. Both approaches have their pros and cons, as explained in the difference between static and dynamic data structures. The array implementation of a queue is clear in the example below. Note that I performed dequeue directly on the Browser Console Window.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">&lt;html&gt;\r\n  &lt;body&gt;\r\n\r\n    &lt;script&gt;\r\n      let queue = []; \/\/create an empty queue\r\n      \/\/enqueue\r\n      queue.push(65);\r\n      queue.push(10);\r\n    &lt;\/script&gt;\r\n\r\n  &lt;\/body&gt;\r\n&lt;\/html&gt;<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Screenshot:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-65611\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue.jpg\" alt=\"queue\" width=\"1300\" height=\"740\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue.jpg 1300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-150x85.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-768x437.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-1024x583.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-520x296.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-op.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-gray-border aligncenter wp-image-65612 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-op.jpg\" alt=\"queue op\" width=\"1298\" height=\"742\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-op.jpg 1298w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-op-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-op-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-op-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-op-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/queue-op-520x297.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1298px) 100vw, 1298px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<h3>4. Tree<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/JavaScript-root-node.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67652 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/JavaScript-root-node.png\" alt=\"root node - JavaScript data structures\" width=\"516\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/JavaScript-root-node.png 516w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/JavaScript-root-node-150x95.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/JavaScript-root-node-300x190.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A JavaScript tree is a special data structure that implements the hierarchical tree structure with a root node, child and parent nodes and leaf nodes represented as a set of linked nodes. A tree data structure is a collection of nodes, starting with a root node, with data values in each of the nodes along with the reference to the child nodes. The root node has no parent node and the leaf nodes have no child nodes. If the child node of a parent node has one or more child nodes, it is a subtree. In the diagram above, the nodes <strong>BEF<\/strong> (T1) and <strong>DGH<\/strong> (T2) form two subtrees.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Graph<\/h3>\n<p>A graph is a group of a finite number of vertices and edges that connect these vertices. The edges can be <strong>\u2018directed\u2019<\/strong> (directed graph) and <strong>\u2018undirected\u2019<\/strong> (undirected graph). Unlike trees, who maintain a parent-child relationship between their nodes (vertices), the nodes of the graph maintain a complex relationship among them.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/directed-undirected-graph-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67672 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/directed-undirected-graph-1.png\" alt=\"directed undirected graph - JavaScript Data Structures\" width=\"544\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/directed-undirected-graph-1.png 544w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/directed-undirected-graph-1-150x79.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/directed-undirected-graph-1-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/directed-undirected-graph-1-520x274.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<h3>6. Hash table<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/hash-table.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-67656 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/hash-table.png\" alt=\"hash table - JavaScript Data Structures\" width=\"564\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/hash-table.png 564w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/hash-table-150x72.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/hash-table-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/08\/hash-table-520x248.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A hash table, or hash map, is a data structure that implements associative arrays since it maps keys to values. It uses a hash function to determine the index of the data value in the array (bucket). These buckets help to identify the storage location of the data we want. The earlier version of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JavaScript\">JavaScript<\/a> didn\u2019t support associative arrays, so there was no built-in hash table available. But as the developers introduced new features, JavaScript gained additional functionality and addition of associative arrays was one of them.<\/p>\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<p>Here we conclude our tutorial on JavaScript Data Structures. In this article, we learned about some of the data structures of JavaScript. There are many more you will learn about as you practice JavaScript, but for now, these are the ones you need to focus on. Be very attentive when you learn or practice about these structures since these are common for all programming languages. Once you clear your concepts, all that is left is the syntax of the program, and that is quite easy.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>The next tutorial for you &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/javascript-characters\/\">JavaScript Characters<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hope the information provided was fruitful for you.<\/p>\n<p>Feel free to drop your queries and feedback in the comment section\u00a0below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Next article in JavaScript DataFlair Tutorial Series will focus on different data structures in JavaScript. We will start with understanding what data structures are, then we will continue with its classification. 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