HTTP is a stateless protocol. When any request is sent to the server, over this protocol, the server cannot distinguish whether the user is new or has visited the site previously.<\/p>\n
Suppose, you are logging in any website, that website will respond the browser with some cookies which will have some unique identification of user generated by the server and some more details according to the context of the website.<\/p>\n
Cookies made these implementations possible with ease which were previously not possible over HTTP implementation.<\/p>\n
How do Cookies work?<\/h3>\n
Cookies work like other HTTP requests over the Internet. In a typical web-system, the browser makes a request to the server. The server then sends the response along with some cookies, which may contain some login information or some other data.<\/p>\n
When the browser makes a new request, the cookie generated previously is also transmitted to the server. This process is repeated every time a new request is made by the browser.<\/p>\n
The browser repeats the process until the cookie expires or the session is closed and the cookie is deleted by the browser itself.<\/p>\n
Then, the cookie applies in all sorts of tasks, like when your login to a website or when shopping online on the web. Google AdSense and Google Analytics<\/strong> can also track you using the cookies they generate. Different websites use cookies differently according to their needs.<\/p>\n Now, let’s move on to the core section in which you will learn to create cookies in the Django framework.<\/p>\n Django bypasses lots of work which otherwise would be required when working on cookies. Django has methods like set_cookie() which we can use to create cookies very easily.<\/p>\n The set_cookie() has these attributes:<\/p>\n max_age:<\/strong>\u00a0It is the time period of cookie in seconds. After the time period completes, it will expire. It is an optional parameter; if not present then the cookie will exist till the time browser close.<\/p>\n We will add this method to our view functions for creating cookies.<\/p>\n Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n This function will return to the browser, and when you run it, you can check the created cookie in your browser settings.<\/p>\n The cookie we just created can be seen here. Since we are using localhost, therefore, the site name comes as localhost.<\/p>\n Now, add these paths to urls.py of your project.<\/p>\n Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n It will add the necessary paths to call view functions. We will define both the functions in the coming section.<\/p>\n The output of the setcookie() view function will be this.<\/p>\n Cookies pass to the particular website every time the client makes a request. Therefore, server every time receives a cookie alongside the request. Django makes it very easy for us to retrieve data from a cookie.<\/p>\n Django\u2019s request object has an attribute COOKIES, like COOKIES array in PHP.<\/p>\n COOKIES is a special attribute of request, and its value is the name of the cookie from which you want to read data. Since there can be multiple cookies, you can change this value many times according to the type of cookie you want to store.<\/p>\n Here is how you can use the same.<\/p>\n We will use basic syntax to access a class parameter as:<\/p>\n request.COOKIES[\u2018cookie_name\u2019]<\/p>\n Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n This code will read the cookie named dataflair, from the current request received by the browser. Also, we can again generate a new cookie in this function if the values changes.<\/p>\n 2. Using request.COOKIES.get()<\/p>\n Django also provides a method to get the desired value from the cookie. You can directly access that value using get method over request object.<\/p>\n The syntax that we will request :<\/p>\n COOKIES.get(\u2018cookie_name\u2019, \u2018value\u2019)<\/p>\n Let\u2019s make some changes in our previous example.<\/p>\n In our views.py write this code<\/p>\n <\/p>\n We will need to apply redirect(), so import it.<\/p>\n Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n This code will check whether the request has cookies or not, it will then set the cookies according to that.<\/p>\n We will use the COOKIES.get() to achieve that.<\/p>\n Now, make the\u00a0change to our showcookie()<\/p>\n Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n This code will check for the cookies, and now we can run the code.<\/p>\n Just start your server and\u00a0type getcookie\/ in the URL bar.<\/p>\n You should see an output like this. Then, the code checks whether the cookie has a value or not and if it doesn\u2019t find anything it will redirect you to the setcookie.<\/p>\n Now again search for getcookie\/ in URL bar.<\/p>\n You shall see an output like this. Again, try reloading it a couple of times.<\/p>\n We can still change this code. You will have to visit the setcookie\/ url to change the text again.<\/p>\n Django provides you with easy methods for deleting cookies. As we used set_cookie() to create cookies, we can also delete cookies using a similar function, delete_cookie()<\/p>\n The delete_cookie() takes in the name of the cookie to be deleted, and this method is associated with the response object.<\/p>\n Add this function to your views.py file<\/p>\n Code:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n This should generate output:<\/p>\n Django is very fun to play with, isn\u2019t it? Well, that\u2019s why we like Django and also, it\u2019s quite a great piece of technology. Make some codes and edit this one to be familiar with the topics we have covered until this tutorial.<\/p>\n This tutorial covered most of the basics of cookies and how you can use them on Django. Using some right level of Python, now you are ready to make your cookies and use them as much as you want.<\/p>\n But as a developer, you will need more knowledge of the norms and laws when you are using cookies on a hosted server like the ones where the website asks for your permission for accepting cookies.<\/p>\n Any doubts or feedbacks? Feel free to enter in the comment section.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" When we see the word cookies, we expect a chocolate chip baked biscuit, but here we will talk about computer cookies. They do a great piece of work that makes it more easy for...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":55258,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19149],"tags":[19620,19619,19621,19622],"class_list":["post-55207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-django","tag-creating-django-cookies","tag-django-cookies","tag-what-are-cookies","tag-working-of-cookies"],"yoast_head":"\nCreating Cookies in Django<\/h3>\n
name<\/strong>: It specifies the name of cookie.<\/h4>\n
value:<\/strong>\u00a0It specifies the text or variable you want to store in the cookie.<\/h4>\n
def setcookie(request):\r\n html = HttpResponse(\"<h1>Dataflair Django Tutorial<\/h1>\")\r\n html.set_cookie('dataflair', 'Hello this is your Cookies', max_age = None)\r\n return html<\/pre>\n![\"set](\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/04\/set-cookie-output.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n path('setcookie', setcookie),\r\n path('getcookie', showcookie),<\/pre>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\nRead Cookies from request<\/h3>\n
1. Using request.COOKIES[]<\/h4>\n
def showcookie(request):\r\n show = request.COOKIES['dataflair']\r\n html = \"<center> New Page <br>{0}<\/center>\".format(show)\r\n return HttpResponse(html)<\/pre>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\nfrom django.shortcuts import render, redirect\r\nfrom django.http import HttpResponse<\/pre>\n
<\/a><\/p>\ndef setcookie(request):\r\n html = HttpResponse(\"<h1>Dataflair Django Tutorial<\/h1>\")\r\n if request.COOKIES.get('visits'):\r\n html.set_cookie('dataflair', 'Welcome Back')\r\n value = int(request.COOKIES.get('visits'))\r\n html.set_cookie('visits', value + 1)\r\n else:\r\n value = 1\r\n text = \"Welcome for the first time\"\r\n html.set_cookie('visits', value)\r\n html.set_cookie('dataflair', text)\r\n return html<\/pre>\n<\/a><\/p>\ndef showcookie(request):\r\n if request.COOKIES.get('visits') is not None:\r\n value = request.COOKIES.get('visits')\r\n text = request.COOKIES.get('dataflair')\r\n html = HttpResponse(\"<center><h1>{0}<br>You have requested this page {1} times<\/h1><\/center>\".format(text, value))\r\n html.set_cookie('visits', int(value) + 1)\r\n return html\r\n else:\r\n return redirect('\/setcookie')<\/pre>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\nDeleting a Cookie in Django<\/h3>\n
def delete_co(request):\r\n if request.COOKIES.get('visits'):\r\n response = HttpResponse(\"<h1>dataflair<br>Cookie deleted<\/h1>\")\r\n response.delete_cookie(\"visits\")\r\n else:\r\n response = HttpResponse(\"<h1>dataflair<\/h1>need to create cookie before deleting\")\r\n return response\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a>Summary<\/h3>\n