{"id":46427,"date":"2019-01-01T11:46:39","date_gmt":"2019-01-01T06:16:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=46427"},"modified":"2021-03-12T15:23:40","modified_gmt":"2021-03-12T09:53:40","slug":"sql-clauses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/sql-clauses\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL Clauses and Its Types – Syntax and Example (Part-2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this tutorial, we will understand the SQL Clauses and learn about them in detail.<\/p>\n

In the previous articles, we have understood in detail specifically about some of the clauses.<\/p>\n

Here, we aim to build the base on what the clauses are and how we should go around using them in our queries.<\/p>\n

Let us now dive into our SQL Clause tutorial.<\/p>\n

What are Clauses in SQL?<\/h3>\n

Clauses in SQL are similar to conditionals in high-level languages.<\/p>\n

SQL being a query language requires a method to apply constraints on the data and for this we use Clauses.<\/p>\n

We have a large variety in the SQL clauses like the Where clause, Union Clase, Order By clause etc.<\/p>\n

Clauses help us to restrict and manage the data using valid constraints on the data in our database.<\/p>\n

Use of SQL Clause<\/h3>\n

Some of the uses of SQL Clauses are as follows:<\/p>\n

1. Allow us to apply constraints on data.<\/p>\n

2. Help us to reduce the complexity of the query.<\/p>\n

3. With the help of clauses, we can filter the data according to our requirements.<\/p>\n

4. Allow us to restrict the number of outputs we need.<\/p>\n

5. Help in writing user-friendly queries, which are easy to read and understand.<\/p>\n

Demo Database<\/h4>\n

Let us now view our demo database – DataFlair.
\nQuery:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

SELECT * FROM DataFlair;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\"SQL<\/a><\/p>\n
Types of SQL Clause<\/h3>\n
We have a variety of SQL clauses available. Let us now discuss each of them in detail.<\/p>\n
1. WHERE Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
It is an integral part of any query and allows us to apply constraints on the query output.
\nSyntax:<\/strong><\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM tableName WHERE condition;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us now find the employees with an experience of more than 5 years.
\nQuery:<\/strong><\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM DataFlair WHERE experience > 5;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\"Where<\/a><\/p>\n
2. SELECT Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
Select clause is used to query the database and display the output.
\nSyntax:<\/strong><\/p>\n
SELECT col1 , col2 , col3\u2026.\r\nFROM tableName;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us now view our database using the Select clause.
\nQuery:<\/strong><\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM DataFlair;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\"Select<\/a><\/p>\n
3. UPDATE Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
Allows us to update the records present in our database.
\nSyntax<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
UPDATE tableName\r\nSET col1 = val1, col2 = val2...., \r\nWHERE condition;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us now update the experience of Aman to 10 years.
\nQuery<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
UPDATE DataFlair\r\nSET experience = 10\r\nWHERE name = 'Aman';\r\nSELECT * FROM DataFlair\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
\"Update<\/a><\/p>\n
4. INSERT Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
With the help of the insert clause, we insert data into our database.
\nSyntax<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
INSERT INTO tableName VALUES (val1,val2,val3,.......);\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us insert the employee Raj into the database – DataFlair.
\nQuery<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
INSERT INTO dataflair VALUES ('B35','Raj','Indore',7);\r\nSELECT * FROM DataFlair;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
\"Insert<\/a><\/p>\n
5. DELETE Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
With the delete clause, we delete the existing records from the table.
\nSyntax<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
DELETE FROM table_name\r\nWHERE condition ;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us now delete the employee corresponding to the Id – X82.
\nQuery<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
DELETE FROM dataflair\r\nWHERE emp_id = 'X82' ;\r\nSELECT * FROM DataFlair\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
\"Delete<\/a><\/p>\n
6. UNION Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
Helps us to combine the data from different tables in one single query.
\nSyntax<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT colName FROM tableName1\r\nUNION\r\nSELECT colName FROM tableName2;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us now view the employee ID and the location ID from the DataFlair database.
\nQuery<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT emp_id AS ID FROM DataFlair\r\nUNION\r\nSELECT location_id FROM location;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
\"Union<\/a><\/p>\n
7. GROUP By Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
Group By clause is used with the select statement to get similar data in manageable groups.
\nSyntax<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT col1, col2, \r\ncol3 , .....\r\nFROM tableName\r\nWHERE conditions \r\nGROUP BY col1, col2;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us find the number of employees at each location of DataFlair\u2019s office.
\nQuery<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT Count(emp_id) as ID, location \r\nFROM DataFlair\r\nGROUP BY location;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
\"Group<\/a><\/p>\n
8. ORDER By Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
Allows us to explicitly decide the order of the output of our query.
\nSyntax<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT col1, col2, \r\ncol3 , .....\r\nFROM tableName\r\nWHERE conditions \r\nGROUP BY col1, col2\r\nORDER BY col1, col2;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us now view our employees based on the ascending order of the employee ID.
\nQuery<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT emp_id AS ID, name,\r\nlocation \r\nFROM DataFlair\r\nORDER BY emp_id ASC;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
\"Order<\/a><\/p>\n
9. HAVING Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
It comes in handy when we need to apply aggregate functions as we can\u2019t use aggregate functions with the WHERE clause.
\nSyntax<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT col1 , col2 , col3,.....\r\nFROM tableName\r\nWHERE condition\r\nGROUP BY col1\r\nHAVING condition\r\nORDER BY col1;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us find the city having more than 5 employees in our DataFlair database.
\nQuery<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT count(emp_id),location\r\nFROM DataFlair\r\nGROUP BY location\r\nHAVING count(emp_id)>5\r\nORDER BY emp_id ASC;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
\"Having<\/a><\/p>\n
10. LIMIT Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
Helps us to limit the number of results from the query we run on our database.
\nSyntax<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM tableName\r\nLIMIT n;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us now view the first five records from our DataFlair database.
\nQuery<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT emp_id as ID, name \r\nFROM DataFlair\r\nLIMIT 5;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
\"Limit<\/a><\/p>\n
11. LIKE Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
With the use of Like clause, we can get the output\u2019s which match the exact expressions or patterns as required by us.
\nSyntax<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT col1,col2,col3,.....\r\nFROM tableName\r\nWHERE col1 LIKE expression;\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us now find the employees whose name starts with \u2018A\u2019.
\nQuery<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT *\r\nFROM DataFlair\r\nWHERE name LIKE 'A%';\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
\"Like<\/a><\/p>\n
12. JOIN Clause in SQL<\/h4>\n
Used to combine the data from multiple tables into single queries by using one or more columns to match the data.
\nSyntax<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT tableName1.col1, tableName1.col2, tableName2.col1,....  \r\nFROM tableName1   \r\nLEFT JOIN tableName2  \r\nON tableName1.col1 = tableName2.col2;  \r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n
Example: Let us now view the details of employees and their locations with the location ID from the location table.
\nQuery<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
SELECT emp_id , name,\r\nDataFlair.location AS Location , \r\nlocation.location_id AS Location_ID FROM DataFlair\r\nLEFT JOIN location ON DataFlair.location = location.location\r\nORDER BY location.location_id ASC;\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n
Output<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
\"Join<\/a><\/p>\n
Summary<\/h3>\n
In this tutorial, we have seen what clauses are and why do we need clauses in SQL.<\/p>\n
Moving further, we have discussed each clause in detail with the syntax and examples of each.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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