{"id":3791,"date":"2017-08-22T10:36:11","date_gmt":"2017-08-22T05:06:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=3791"},"modified":"2021-02-17T21:32:58","modified_gmt":"2021-02-17T16:02:58","slug":"bayesian-methods-introduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/bayesian-methods-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction to Bayesian Methods &#8211; Understand all the Methods thoroughly!"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='__iawmlf-post-loop-links' style='display:none;' data-iawmlf-post-links='[{&quot;id&quot;:2203,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\/wiki\\\/Bayesian_network&quot;,&quot;archived_href&quot;:&quot;http:\\\/\\\/web-wp.archive.org\\\/web\\\/20250920160920\\\/https:\\\/\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\/wiki\\\/Bayesian_network&quot;,&quot;redirect_href&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;checks&quot;:[{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-11 03:03:21&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-14 05:44:11&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-20 01:38:39&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-23 21:56:29&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-27 14:27:16&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-31 04:30:21&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-03 19:14:13&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-07 03:24:59&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-13 14:50:17&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-18 02:20:04&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-22 18:04:33&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-26 09:09:01&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-29 16:04:18&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-02 06:32:46&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-06 20:28:04&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-10 04:43:20&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-14 20:22:15&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-18 00:02:09&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-23 12:05:20&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-27 03:25:19&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-04 07:43:51&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-07 12:28:47&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:429},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-10 14:02:18&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-14 20:32:24&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-18 02:07:49&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-21 21:32:48&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-24 21:55:13&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-29 18:29:10&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-03 12:25:16&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-06 16:54:35&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-09 23:27:43&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-13 05:48:10&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-18 12:15:38&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-22 00:07:28&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-26 02:23:41&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-29 06:32:58&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-03 16:10:51&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-07 18:09:44&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-11 20:20:41&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-15 20:15:06&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-19 15:36:04&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:429},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-25 08:10:05&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-29 12:23:21&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:404},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-02 13:18:03&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:404},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-06 12:35:48&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200}],&quot;broken&quot;:false,&quot;last_checked&quot;:{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-06 12:35:48&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},&quot;process&quot;:&quot;done&quot;}]'><\/div>\n<p>Moving ahead in our R DataFlair tutorial Series, today we are going to learn about the different Bayesian methods. We will also understand the different types of primary approximation techniques thoroughly.<\/p>\n<p>Before starting with this Bayesian Methods, we would recommend you to go through our previous <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/bayesian-network-in-r\/\">article on Bayesian Network<\/a><\/strong><\/em>. Because without understanding Bayesian Network, you can&#8217;t understand it&#8217;s methods.<\/p>\n<p>After knowing what\u00a0are Bayesian Networks, now let&#8217;s come to the different methods in Bayesian Network.<\/p>\n<h2>What are the Bayesian Methods?<\/h2>\n<p>There are three different methods in a Bayesian network:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Variable elimination<\/li>\n<li>Dynamic Programming<\/li>\n<li>Approximation algorithms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/bayesian-methods-introduction-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-65130\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/bayesian-methods-introduction-2.png\" alt=\"bayesian-methods-introduction\" width=\"802\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/bayesian-methods-introduction-2.png 802w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/bayesian-methods-introduction-2-150x79.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/bayesian-methods-introduction-2-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/bayesian-methods-introduction-2-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2019\/07\/bayesian-methods-introduction-2-520x272.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Let us discuss these Bayesian Methods one by one:<\/p>\n<h3>1. Variable Elimination<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/08\/bayesian-network-variable-elimination-method.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3792 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/08\/bayesian-network-variable-elimination-method.png\" alt=\" Bayesian Methods\" width=\"430\" height=\"47\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/08\/bayesian-network-variable-elimination-method.png 430w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/08\/bayesian-network-variable-elimination-method-150x16.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/08\/bayesian-network-variable-elimination-method-300x33.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>To do the effective marginalization, you can use Joint Probability Distribution. In this method, you can sum out irrelevant terms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>For example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We\u2019ll remove the variables from the inside-out. Starting with variable Xm and finishing with variable X1. Here we <em>carry out summations right-to-left, storing intermediate results (factors) to avoid recomputation.<\/em> To remove variable Xi, we start by gathering up all the factors that mention Xi and removing them from our set of factors. During the computation, the complexity of variable elimination depends on the size of the largest factor. This, in turn, depends on the order of elimination of variables. In poly tree networks, time and space complexity are linear in the size of the network.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Dynamic Programming<\/h3>\n<p>Suppose you want to calculate several margins. If you use the variable elimination algorithm, then there will be several redundant calculations. To avoid them, you can use <strong>Dynamic Programming (DP)<\/strong> <strong>method<\/strong>. It works according to the type of graphical model.<\/p>\n<p>When the Bayesian Network graph is acyclic (that is, a tree), then you can use a local message-passing algorithm. This is a simple forward-backward algorithm for HMM chains<em>. When the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bayesian_network\">Bayesian Network<\/a> has undirected cycles,\u00a0there is a risk of double-counting by the local message-passing algorithms.<\/em> To avoid this, you can convert the undirected Bayesian Network into a tree by clustering nodes together. Thus, the resulting tree is called a junction tree.<\/p>\n<p>The major disadvantage of the Dynamic Programming algorithm is that it takes a longer time to run in large cluster sizes. Induced for the width of graph size refers to an increase in processing time. Minimizing the induced width of the graph is <strong>NP-hard problem<\/strong>. NP is a class of computational problems. You can solve this with the help of the <strong>Non-Deterministic Turing machine.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Get to know about the <a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/bayesian-network-applications\/\">Top Real-world Bayesian Network Applications<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3>3. Approximation Algorithms<\/h3>\n<p>Models having repetitive structures such as multivariate time-series models are\u00a0used for image analysis and have a high induced width. So they take a lot of time if you try to infer them with variable elimination or Dynamic Programming algorithm.<\/p>\n<p>For these models, you can also use approximation techniques. Let us see some primary approximation techniques<\/p>\n<h4>3.1 Variational Method<\/h4>\n<p>It is one of the simplest mean-field techniques used for the approximation of algorithms. It uses the rule of approximating the sum of random variables having large values using their means.<\/p>\n<h4>3.2 Sampling (Monte Carlo) Method<\/h4>\n<p>This is the simplest type of importance sampling. The general method is:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Define samples x from P(x).<\/li>\n<li>Check samples using their likelihood P(x or y)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3.3 Loopy Belief Propagation<\/h4>\n<p>In this method, the actual graph applies pearl algorithm. This results in double counting. It has been observed that double-counted incidents are cancelled and offered accurate results.<\/p>\n<h4>3.4 Bounded Cutset Conditioning<\/h4>\n<p>You can break loops in the graph by instantiating subsets of the variables. This process is very slow in the case of a large cutset. To calculate\u00a0this, lower bounds instantiate a subset of the cutset values.<\/p>\n<h4>3.5 Parametric Approximation Method<\/h4>\n<p>Intermediate summands in a simple and easy to understand form. For Example,<em> Mini buckets and Boyen-Koller algorithm.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<p>In this article, we took a brief look at different Bayesian Methods and approximation techniques for the same.\u00a0We hope the information provided was useful to you.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Next, you must go through our tutorial on <a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/bayesian-networks-inference\/\">Bayesian Networks Inference<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>If you have any query related to Bayesian Methods, you can leave a comment in the section given below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Moving ahead in our R DataFlair tutorial Series, today we are going to learn about the different Bayesian methods. We will also understand the different types of primary approximation techniques thoroughly. Before starting with&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":65130,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[20693,1676],"class_list":["post-3791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-r","tag-approximation-algorithms","tag-bayesian-methods"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Introduction to Bayesian Methods - Understand all the Methods thoroughly! - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore all the types of Bayesian Methods; Variable elimination, Dynamic Programming, and Approximation algorithms in detail and also learn different approximation algorithms.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/bayesian-methods-introduction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Introduction to Bayesian Methods - Understand all the Methods thoroughly! 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