{"id":32,"date":"2016-05-28T07:39:10","date_gmt":"2016-05-28T07:39:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=32"},"modified":"2021-08-25T22:34:21","modified_gmt":"2021-08-25T17:04:21","slug":"hdfs-data-read-operation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/hdfs-data-read-operation\/","title":{"rendered":"Data Read Operation in HDFS &#8211; A Quick HDFS Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='__iawmlf-post-loop-links' style='display:none;' data-iawmlf-post-links='[{&quot;id&quot;:2489,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/hadoop.apache.org\\\/docs\\\/r3.0.2\\\/api\\\/org\\\/apache\\\/hadoop\\\/fs\\\/FSDataInputStream.html&quot;,&quot;archived_href&quot;:&quot;http:\\\/\\\/web-wp.archive.org\\\/web\\\/20251211073043\\\/https:\\\/\\\/hadoop.apache.org\\\/docs\\\/r3.0.2\\\/api\\\/org\\\/apache\\\/hadoop\\\/fs\\\/FSDataInputStream.html&quot;,&quot;redirect_href&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;checks&quot;:[{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-12 04:26:38&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-15 05:15:13&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-18 11:49:48&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-23 06:01:28&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-28 15:09:26&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-31 18:35:20&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-05 04:50:45&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-10 08:53:21&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-14 19:52:38&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-18 14:13:21&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-21 21:13:02&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-25 11:26:29&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-31 04:13:52&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-03 18:22:11&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-11 05:10:02&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-18 15:09:37&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-23 03:41:21&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-27 11:35:11&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-02 14:22:51&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-06 03:34:55&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-10 02:43:02&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-14 02:08:28&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-18 04:10:00&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-23 20:23:01&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-30 15:53:44&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-04 08:16:01&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-09 11:39:38&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-13 09:19:43&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-19 13:01:11&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-23 05:25:55&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-28 09:46:32&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-03 20:30:31&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-08 11:00:08&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-15 06:59:04&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-18 10:23:56&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-30 14:08:27&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-04 09:16:51&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-07 10:47:01&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-11 06:59:48&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206}],&quot;broken&quot;:false,&quot;last_checked&quot;:{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-11 06:59:48&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},&quot;process&quot;:&quot;done&quot;}]'><\/div>\n<p><strong>Wondering how Hadoop HDFS manages file read operation over it when requested by the client?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In this article, we will study how HDFS data read operation is performed in Hadoop, how the client interacts with master and slave nodes in HDFS for data read. The article also describes the internals of Hadoop HDFS data read operations.<\/p>\n<h3>A brief introduction to HDFS<\/h3>\n<p>HDFS follows <strong>Write Once Read Many <\/strong>philosophies. So we cannot edit files already stored in HDFS, but we can append new data to these files by re-opening them.<\/p>\n<p>To read the files stored in HDFS, the HDFS client interacts with the NameNode and DataNode.<\/p>\n<p>Before beginning with the HDFS read operation, let\u2019s have a short introduction to the following components:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>HDFS Client:<\/strong> On user behalf, HDFS client interacts with NameNode and Datanode to fulfill user requests.<\/li>\n<li><strong>NameNode:<\/strong> NameNode is the master node that stores metadata about block locations, blocks of a file, etc. This metadata is used for file read and write operation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DataNode:<\/strong> DataNodes are the slave nodes in HDFS. They store actual data (data blocks).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Refer to <a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/hadoop-hdfs-architecture\/\"><strong>HDFS architecture<\/strong><\/a> article to study HDFS, DataNodes, and NameNodes in detail.<\/p>\n<p>Let us now see how the HDFS client interacts with the NameNode and DataNode with the help of an example.<\/p>\n<h2>HDFS read operation<\/h2>\n<p>Suppose the HDFS client wants to read a file &#8220;File.txt\u201d. Let the file be divided into two blocks say, A and B. The following steps will take place during the file read:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/05\/HDFS-read-operations.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-75918\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/05\/HDFS-read-operations.jpg\" alt=\"read operation in hdfs\" width=\"720\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/05\/HDFS-read-operations.jpg 720w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/05\/HDFS-read-operations-150x130.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/05\/HDFS-read-operations-300x260.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/05\/HDFS-read-operations-520x450.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>1. The Client interacts with HDFS NameNode<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>As the NameNode stores the block\u2019s metadata for the file \u201cFile.txt&#8217;, the client will reach out to NameNode asking locations of DataNodes containing data blocks.<\/li>\n<li>The NameNode first checks for required privileges, and if the client has sufficient privileges, the NameNode sends the locations of DataNodes containing blocks (A and B). NameNode also gives a <strong>security token<\/strong> to the client, which they need to show to the DataNodes for authentication. Let the NameNode provide the following list of IPs for block A and B &#8211; for block A, location of DataNodes D2, D5, D7, and for block B, location of DataNodes D3, D9, D11.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To perform various <strong>HDFS operations<\/strong> (read, write, copy, move, change permission, etc.) follow <a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/top-hadoop-hdfs-commands-tutorial\/\"><strong>HDFS command list<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>2. The client interacts with HDFS DataNode<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>After receiving the addresses of the DataNodes, the client directly interacts with the DataNodes. The client will send a request to the closest DataNodes (D2 for block A and D3 for block B) through the <strong>FSDataInputstream<\/strong> object. The <strong>DFSInputstream<\/strong> manages the interaction between client and DataNode.<\/li>\n<li>The client will show the security tokens provided by NameNode to the DataNodes and start reading data from the DataNode. The data will flow directly from the DataNode to the client.<\/li>\n<li>After reading all the required file blocks, the client calls close() method on the <a href=\"https:\/\/hadoop.apache.org\/docs\/r3.0.2\/api\/org\/apache\/hadoop\/fs\/FSDataInputStream.html\">FSDataInputStream<\/a> object.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Now let us see how internally read operation is carried out in Hadoop HDFS, how data flows between the client, the NameNode, and DataNodes during file read.<\/p>\n<h3>Internals of file read in HDFS<a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/05\/Data-Read-Mechanism-in-HDFS.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-33\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/05\/Data-Read-Mechanism-in-HDFS.gif\" alt=\"Data Read Mechanism in HDFS Tutorial\" width=\"960\" height=\"541\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>In order to open the required file, the client calls the <strong>open()<\/strong> method on the <strong>FileSystem object<\/strong>, which for HDFS is an instance of DistributedFilesystem.<\/li>\n<li>DistributedFileSystem then calls the NameNode using RPC to get the locations of the first few blocks of a file. For each <a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/data-block\/\"><strong>data block<\/strong><\/a>, NameNode returns the addresses of Datanodes that contain a copy of that block. Furthermore, the DataNodes are sorted based on their proximity to the client.<\/li>\n<li>The DistributedFileSystem returns an <strong>FSDataInputStream<\/strong> to the client from where the client can read the data. FSDataInputStream in succession wraps a DFSInputStream. <strong>DFSInputStream<\/strong> manages the I\/O of DataNode and NameNode.<\/li>\n<li>Then the client calls the <strong>read()<\/strong> method on the<strong> FSDataInputStream<\/strong> object.<\/li>\n<li>The DFSInputStream, which contains the addresses for the first few blocks in the file, connects to the closest DataNode to read the first block in the file. Then, the data flows from DataNode to the client, which calls read() repeatedly on the FSDataInputStream.<\/li>\n<li>Upon reaching the end of the file, DFSInputStream closes the connection with that DataNode and finds the best suited DataNode for the next block.<\/li>\n<li>If the DFSInputStream during reading, faces an error while communicating with a DataNode, it will try the other closest DataNode for that block. DFSInputStream will also remember DataNodes that have failed so that it doesn\u2019t needlessly retry them for later blocks. Also, the DFSInputStream verifies checksums for the data transferred to it from the DataNode. If it finds any corrupt block, it reports this to the NameNode and reads a copy of the block from another DataNode.<\/li>\n<li>When the client has finished reading the data, it calls <strong>close()<\/strong> on the <strong>FSDataInputStream<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>How to Read a file from HDFS &#8211; Java Program<\/h3>\n<p>A sample code to read a file from HDFS is as follows (To perform HDFS read and write operations:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(conf);\r\nPath path = new Path(\"\/path\/to\/file.ext\");\r\nif (!fileSystem.exists(path)) {\r\nSystem.out.println(\"File does not exists\");\r\nreturn;\r\n}\r\nFSDataInputStream in = fileSystem.open(path);\r\nint numBytes = 0;\r\nwhile ((numBytes = in.read(b))&gt; 0) {\r\nSystem.out.prinln((char)numBytes));\/\/ code to manipulate the data which is read\r\n}\r\nin.close();\r\nout.close();\r\nfileSystem.close();<\/pre>\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<p>So in this article, we have studied the data flow between client, DataNode, and NameNode during a client read request.<\/p>\n<p>Now you have a pretty good idea about the HDFS file read operation and how the client interacts with DataNode and NameNode.<\/p>\n<p>Also, refer to the <a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/hdfs-data-write-operation\/\"><strong>HDFS write operation<\/strong><\/a> article to study the internals of HDFS data write operations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doubts?<\/strong> Ask us below.<\/p>\n<p>Keep Practicing!!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wondering how Hadoop HDFS manages file read operation over it when requested by the client? In this article, we will study how HDFS data read operation is performed in Hadoop, how the client interacts&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":75907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[21884,1907,5558,21885,5592,21886,21883],"class_list":["post-32","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hdfs","tag-anatomy-of-file-read-in-hadoop","tag-big-data","tag-hdfs-data-read-operation","tag-hdfs-read-and-write-operation","tag-hdfs-read-operation","tag-how-to-read-data-from-hadoop","tag-read-operation-in-hdfs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Data Read Operation in HDFS - A Quick HDFS Guide - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore data read operation in HDFS, internals of HDFS read operation, HDFS client interaction with namenode &amp; 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