It has the following syntax-<\/span><\/p>\nsubprocess.call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None)<\/pre>\n2. Examples of Python Subprocess Call()<\/strong>
\nLet\u2019s take a few simple examples of Subprocess Call in Python.<\/span><\/p>\n>>> subprocess.call('exit 1',shell=True)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n1<\/div>\n
>>> subprocess.call('ls -l',shell=True)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n1<\/div>\n
Since we set the shell to True, this function treats this as a complete command and runs it. <\/span><\/p>\nThis is a command that lists out all files and folders in the current directory. <\/span><\/p>\nNote that 1 is the return code, not the output of the command\u2019s execution. Here, it marks success.<\/span><\/p>\nPython Subprocess run()<\/h3>\n
Like call(), this function runs a command and returns a CompletedProcess instance.<\/span><\/p>\n1. Python Subprocess run() Syntax<\/strong>
\nIt has the following syntax-<\/span><\/p>\nsubprocess.run(args, *, stdin=None, input=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, capture_output=False, shell=False, cwd=None, timeout=None, check=False, encoding=None, errors=None, text=None, env=None)<\/pre>\n2. Python Subprocess run() Examples<\/strong>
\nTime for some examples of Python Subprocess run().<\/span><\/p>\n>>> subprocess.run(['ls','-l'],shell=True)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\nCompletedProcess(args=[‘ls’, ‘-l’], returncode=1)<\/div>\n
This is the same command we saw in call(). Note how we mention shell=True; also note this returns a CompletedProcess instance.<\/span><\/p>\nPython Subprocess check_call()<\/h3>\n
A call to this function runs the command with the arguments, waits for it to complete, then gets the return code. <\/span><\/p>\nIf zero, it returns; else it raises CalledProcessError. Such an object holds the return code in the returncode attribute.<\/span><\/p>\n1. Python Subprocess check_call() Syntax<\/strong>
\nWe have the following syntax-<\/span><\/p>\nsubprocess.check_call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, cwd=None, timeout=None)<\/pre>\n2. Python Subprocess check_call() Examples\u00a0<\/strong>
\nLet’s take a look at the Python Subprocess check_call example<\/p>\n>>> subprocess.check_call('true',shell=True)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\nTraceback (most recent call last):
\nFile “<pyshell#3>”, line 1, in <module>
\nsubprocess.check_call(‘true’,shell=True)
\nFile “C:\\Users\\Ayushi\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37-32\\lib\\subprocess.py”, line 328, in check_call
\nraise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
\nsubprocess.CalledProcessError: Command ‘true’ returned non-zero exit status 1.
For the false command, it always returns an error.<\/span><\/div>\nPython Subprocess check_output()<\/h3>\n
This function runs the command with the arguments and returns the output. <\/span><\/p>\nSo far, the output was bound to the parent process, and we couldn\u2019t retrieve it.<\/span><\/p>\nFor a non-zero return code, it raises a CalledProcessError, which has the return code in the returncode attribute.<\/span><\/p>\n1.\u00a0 Python Subprocess check_output()\u00a0Syntax<\/strong>
\nIt has the following syntax-<\/span><\/p>\nsubprocess.check_output(args, *, stdin=None, stderr=None, shell=False, cwd=None, encoding=None, errors=None, universal_newlines=False, timeout=None)<\/pre>\n2. Python Subprocess check_output() Examples<\/strong>
\nNow, the example of Python Subprocess check_output<\/p>\n>>> subprocess.check_output([\"echo\",\"Hello World!\"],shell=True)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\nb'”Hello World!”\\r\\n’<\/div>\n
In this example, we print the string Hello World! to the console.<\/span><\/p>\nPython Subprocess Communicate()<\/h3>\n
This interacts with the process and sends data to stdin. <\/span><\/p>\nIt reads data from stdout and stderr until it reaches the end-of-file and waits for the process to terminate. <\/span><\/p>\nWhat it returns is a tuple (stdout_data, stderr_data).<\/span><\/p>\n1. Python Subprocess Communicate() Syntax<\/strong>
\nTake a look at the syntax-<\/span><\/p>\nPopen.communicate(input=None, timeout=None)<\/pre>\n2. Python Subprocess Communicate() Examples<\/strong>
\nBelow is an example of Python Subprocess Communication<\/p>\n>>> p=subprocess.Popen([\"echo\",\"hello world\"],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,shell=True)\r\n>>> p.communicate()<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n(b'”hello world”\\r\\n’, None)<\/div>\n
Here, we use Popen to execute a child program in a new process. We will see this next. <\/span><\/p>\nMeanwhile, we read the input and output from the process using communicate(). <\/span><\/p>\nHere, stdout is the process output. In case there\u2019s an error, we populate stderr.<\/span><\/p>\nPython Subprocess Popen()<\/h3>\n
Popen is a constructor from the <\/span>subprocess<\/span><\/i> class that executes a child program in a new process. <\/span><\/p>\nThis class uses the Windows CreateProcess() function, and Popen() lets us start a process.<\/span><\/p>\n1. Python Subprocess Popen() Syntax<\/strong>
\nWe have the following syntax-<\/span><\/p>\nclass subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize=-1, executable=None, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, preexec_fn=None, close_fds=True, shell=False, cwd=None, env=None, universal_newlines=False, startupinfo=None, creationflags=0, restore_signals=True, start_new_session=False, pass_fds=(), *, encoding=None, errors=None, text=None)<\/pre>\n2. Python Subprocess Popen() Examples<\/strong>
\nLet\u2019s try the echo command with this Python Subprocess Popen example.<\/span><\/p>\n>>> proc=subprocess.Popen(['echo','\"to stdout\"'],stdout=subprocess.PIPE,shell=True)\r\n>>> stdout_value=proc.communicate()[0]\r\n>>> repr(stdout_value)<\/pre>\nOutput<\/strong><\/p>\n‘b\\'”\\\\\\\\”to stdout\\\\\\\\””\\\\r\\\\n\\”<\/div>\n
So, this was all in the Python Subprocess Module. Hope you like our explanation.<\/p>\n
Python Interview Questions on Subprocess Module<\/h3>\n\n- What is the subprocess module in Python?<\/li>\n
- How does Python subprocess work?<\/li>\n
- How do you start and close a subprocess in Python?<\/li>\n
- How do you run a command in a subprocess in Python?<\/li>\n
- How do you run a Python subprocess in Python?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Conclusion<\/h3>\n
Hence, in this Python Subprocess Module, we saw the difference between subprocess and multiprocessing. <\/span><\/p>\nYou are also no longer uninitiated to conventional functions from subprocess, the likes of call(), run(), check_output(), and Popen(). <\/span><\/p>\nAlso, we understood the complete concept with the help of syntax and examples.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Imagine the Subprocess as a remote control for your computer. While Multiprocessing helps Python do more work, Subprocess lets Python command other programs to do the work for it. Last, we talked about Multiprocessing...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":26989,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[9559,10866,10867,10868,10869,10870,10871,13957,13958,13959],"class_list":["post-26966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag-popen","tag-python-subprocess-call","tag-python-subprocess-example","tag-python-subprocess-module","tag-python-subprocess-popen","tag-python-subprocess-run","tag-python-subprocess-stdout","tag-subprocess-check_output","tag-subprocess-communicate","tag-subprocess-popen"],"yoast_head":"\n
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![\"Python](\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/09\/Python-Subprocess-Module-01.jpg\")
<\/a>