{"id":19999,"date":"2018-06-23T13:35:39","date_gmt":"2018-06-23T13:35:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=19999"},"modified":"2018-06-23T13:35:39","modified_gmt":"2018-06-23T13:35:39","slug":"hcatalog-cli-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/hcatalog-cli-commands\/","title":{"rendered":"Learn HCatalog CLI Commands (Create, Alter, View)"},"content":{"rendered":"

In our last HCatalog Tutorial<\/strong>, we discussed HCatalog features<\/strong>. Today, we will see\u00a0HCatalog CLI Commands. <\/span><\/p>\n

There are various commands like, create table, alter table, view, Show table etc are supported by HCatalog. So, in this HCatalog CLI Command tutorial, we will learn all these HCatalog CLI Commands in detail. <\/span><\/p>\n

So, let\u2019s start HCatalog CLI Commands.<\/span><\/p>\n

HCatalog CLI Commands<\/span><\/h2>\n

Here we are discussing all the HCatalog CLI Commands in detail:<\/span><\/p>\n

i. Creating Table in HCatalog<\/span><\/h3>\n

Basically, to create a table in Hive metastore<\/strong> using HCatalog, we use Create Table statement CLI command in HCatalog. To create it, follow these steps:<\/span><\/p>\n

Syntax of creating table in HCatalog<\/strong><\/p>\n

CREATE [TStudent1ORARY] [EXTERNAL] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.] table_name\n[(col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...)]\n[COMMENT table_comment]\n[ROW FORMAT row_format]\n[STORED AS file_format]<\/pre>\n
For Example<\/strong>
\nSuppose, we are creating a table with name Student by using CREATE TABLE statement. So, the table lists the fields and their data types in the Student table are:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Sr. no. <\/span><\/td>\nField name<\/span><\/td>\nData Type<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/span><\/td>\nStudent id<\/span><\/td>\nint<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/span><\/td>\nName<\/span><\/td>\nstring<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/span><\/td>\nSalary<\/span><\/td>\nfloat<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/span><\/td>\nDesignation<\/span><\/td>\nstring<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Further, below data explains the supported fields like Comment, Row formatted fields like Field terminator, Lines terminator, as well as Stored File type.
\nCOMMENT \u2018Student details\u2019<\/b>
\nFIELDS TERMINATED BY \u2018\\t\u2019<\/b>
\nLINES TERMINATED BY \u2018\\n\u2019<\/b>
\nSTORED IN TEXT FILE<\/b>
\nBy using the above data, the following query creates a table named Student.<\/span><\/p>\n
.\/hcat \u2013e \"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Student ( eid int, name String,\n  salary String, destination String) \\\nCOMMENT 'Student details' \\\nROW FORMAT DELIMITED \\\nFIELDS TERMINATED BY \u2018\\t\u2019 \\\nLINES TERMINATED BY \u2018\\n\u2019 \\\nSTORED AS TEXTFILE;\"<\/pre>\n
Although HCatalog ignores the statement in case the table already exists, If we add the option IF NOT EXISTS.<\/span>
\nOutput<\/strong>
\nOK<\/b>
\nTime taken: 5.905 seconds<\/b><\/p>\n
ii. Load Data Statement<\/span><\/h3>\n
To insert data in HCatalog we can use the LOAD DATA statement.<\/span>
\nBasically, it is better to use LOAD DATA CLI Command in HCatalog to store bulk records, while inserting data into HCatalog. Generally, we can load data in two ways: <\/span><\/p>\n
    \n
  • From local file system<\/span><\/li>\n
  • From Hadoop file<\/strong> system<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Syntax of load data statement<\/strong><\/p>\n
    LOAD DATA [LOCAL] INPATH 'filepath' [OVERWRITE] INTO TABLE tablename\n[PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...)]\nto specify the local path, LOCAL is the identifier. Though, it is optional.\nAlso, to overwrite the data in the table, OVERWRITE is optional.\nAnd, PARTITION is also optional.<\/pre>\n
    For Example<\/strong>
    \nHere we are inserting the following data into the table. So, a text file named sample1.txt in \/home\/user directory:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    1201<\/span><\/td>\nGaurav<\/span><\/td>\n45000<\/span><\/td>\nTechnical manager<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1202<\/span><\/td>\nMehul<\/span><\/td>\n45000<\/span><\/td>\n Proofreader<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1203<\/span><\/td>\nMonika<\/span><\/td>\n40000<\/span><\/td>\n Technical writer<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1204<\/span><\/td>\nKajal<\/span><\/td>\n40000<\/span><\/td>\nHr Admin<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1205<\/span><\/td>\nKarishma<\/span><\/td>\n30000<\/span><\/td>\nOp Admin<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    Below query loads the given text into the table.<\/p>\n
    .\/hcat \u2013e \"LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '\/home\/user\/sample1.txt'\nOVERWRITE INTO TABLE Student;<\/pre>\n
    Output<\/strong>
    \nOK<\/b>
    \nTime taken: 15.905 seconds<\/b><\/p>\n
    iii. Alter Table Statement<\/span><\/h3>\n
    To alter a table, we can use the ALTER TABLE statement HCatalog CLI Command.<\/span>
    \nSyntax of alter table statement<\/strong><\/p>\n
    ALTER TABLE name RENAME TO new_name\nALTER TABLE name ADD COLUMNS (col_spec[, col_spec ...])\nALTER TABLE name DROP [COLUMN] column_name\nALTER TABLE name CHANGE column_name new_name new_type\nALTER TABLE name REPLACE COLUMNS (col_spec[, col_spec ...])<\/pre>\n
    iv. Drop Table Statement<\/span><\/h3>\n
    On dropping a table from the metastore, it removes the table\/column data and their metadata. Tables can be of two types: –<\/span><\/p>\n
      \n
    • a normal table (stored in metastore)<\/span><\/li>\n
    • an external table (stored in local file system); <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      However, irrespective of their types, HCatalog treats both in the same manner.<\/span>
      \nSyntax of drop table statement<\/strong><\/p>\n
      DROP TABLE [IF EXISTS] table_name;<\/pre>\n
      So, below query drops a table named Student \u2212<\/span><\/p>\n
      .\/hcat \u2013e \"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Student;\"<\/pre>\n
      Output<\/strong>
      \nOK<\/b>
      \nTime taken: 5.3 seconds<\/b><\/p>\n
      v. Create View Statement<\/span><\/h3>\n
      Moreover, CREATE VIEW statement creates a view with the given name. Although make sure, if a table or view with the same name already exists, an error is thrown, then to skip the error, we can use IF NOT EXISTS.<\/span><\/p>\n
      In addition, from the defining SELECT expression, if no column names are supplied, the names of the view’s columns will be derived automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n
      Also, make sure the resulting view column names will be generated in the form _C0, _C1, etc if the SELECT contains un-aliased scalar expressions like as x+y.<\/span><\/p>\n
      However, if\u00a0somehow the view’s defining SELECT expression is invalid, then a CREATE VIEW statement will get fail.<\/span><\/p>\n
      Syntax of create view statement<\/strong><\/p>\n
      CREATE VIEW [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.]view_name [(column_name [COMMENT column_comment], ...) ]\n[COMMENT view_comment]\n[TBLPROPERTIES (property_name = property_value, ...)]\nAS SELECT ...;<\/pre>\n
      For Example<\/strong>
      \nLet’s suppose we have a Student table data. Now, to create a view named Student1_Deg_View containing the fields id, name, Designation, and salary of a Student having a salary greater than 35,000.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      ID<\/span><\/td>\nName<\/span><\/td>\nSalary<\/span><\/td>\nDesignation<\/span><\/td>\nDept<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      1201<\/span><\/td>\nGaurav<\/span><\/td>\n45000<\/span><\/td>\nTechnical manager<\/span><\/td>\nTP<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      1202<\/span><\/td>\nMehul<\/span><\/td>\n45000<\/span><\/td>\n Proofreader<\/span><\/td>\nPR<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      1203<\/span><\/td>\nMonika<\/span><\/td>\n30000<\/span><\/td>\nTechnical writer<\/span><\/td>\nTP<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      1204<\/span><\/td>\nKajal<\/span><\/td>\n40000<\/span><\/td>\nHr Admin<\/span><\/td>\nHR<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      1205<\/span><\/td>\nKarishma<\/span><\/td>\n30000<\/span><\/td>\nOp Admin<\/span><\/td>\nAdmin<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      To create a view based on the above-given data below is the command.<\/span><\/p>\n
      .\/hcat \u2013e \"CREATE VIEW Student1_Deg_View (salary COMMENT ' salary more than 35,000')\n  AS SELECT id, name, salary, designation FROM Student WHERE salary \u2265 35000;\"<\/pre>\n
      Output<\/strong>
      \nOK<\/b>
      \nTime taken: 5.3 seconds<\/b><\/p>\n
      vi. Drop View Statement<\/span><\/h3>\n
      So, for the specified view, DROP VIEW removes metadata.<\/span>
      \nSyntax of drop view statement<\/strong><\/p>\n
      DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] view_name;<\/pre>\n
      For Example<\/strong>
      \nTo drop a view named Student1_Deg_View, below is the command.<\/span><\/p>\n
      DROP VIEW Student1_Deg_View;<\/pre>\n
      vii. Show Tables Statement<\/span><\/h3>\n
      To display the names of all tables, we use the Show Tables statement HCatalog CLI Command. So, it lists tables from the current database, or with the IN clause, in a specified database, by default.<\/span>
      \nSyntax of show table statement<\/strong><\/p>\n
      SHOW TABLES [IN database_name] ['identifier_with_wildcards'];<\/pre>\n
      To display, a list of tables, below is the query \u2212<\/span><\/p>\n
      .\/hcat \u2013e \"Show tables;\"<\/pre>\n
      Output<\/strong>
      \nOK<\/b>
      \nStudent1<\/b>
      \nStudent<\/b>
      \nTime taken: 5.3 seconds<\/b><\/p>\n
      viii. Show Partitions Statement<\/span><\/h3>\n
      To see the partitions that exist in a particular table, we can use the SHOW PARTITIONS CLI HCatalog command.<\/span><\/p>\n
      Syntax of show partitions statement<\/strong><\/p>\n
      SHOW PARTITIONS table_name;<\/pre>\n
      So, below query drops a table named Student \u2212<\/span><\/p>\n
      .\/hcat \u2013e \"Show partitions Student;\"<\/pre>\n
      Output<\/strong>
      \nOK<\/b>
      \nDesignation = IT<\/b>
      \nTime taken: 5.3 seconds<\/b><\/p>\n
      ix. Creating an Index<\/span><\/h3>\n
      A pointer on a particular column of a table, is what we call an Index. So, we can say creating an index is as same as creating a pointer on a particular column of a table.<\/span>
      \nSyntax of creating an index<\/strong><\/p>\n
      CREATE INDEX index_name\nON TABLE base_table_name (col_name, ...)\nAS 'index.handler.class.name'\n[WITH DEFERRED REBUILD]\n[IDXPROPERTIES (property_name = property_value, ...)]\n[IN TABLE index_table_name]\n[PARTITIONED BY (col_name, ...)][\n  [ ROW FORMAT ...] STORED AS ...\n  | STORED BY ...\n]\n[LOCATION hdfs_path]\n[TBLPROPERTIES (...)]<\/pre>\n
      For Example<\/strong><\/p>\n
      Hence, to understand the concept of index, here is an example. On using the same Student table that we have used earlier. Here also with the same fields Id, Name, Salary, Designation, and Dept. Now, \u00a0on the salary column of the Student table, create an index named index_salary.<\/span><\/p>\n
      Below query creates an index \u2212<\/strong><\/p>\n
      .\/hcat \u2013e \"CREATE INDEX inedx_salary ON TABLE Student(salary)<\/pre>\n
      x. Dropping an Index<\/span><\/h3>\n
      Syntax of dropping an index<\/strong><\/p>\n
      DROP INDEX <index_name> ON <table_name><\/pre>\n
      Output<\/strong>
      \n.\/hcat \u2013e “DROP INDEX index_salary ON Student;”<\/b>
      \nSo, this was all about HCatalog CLI Commands. Hope, you like our explanation.<\/p>\n
      Conclusion<\/span><\/h2>\n
      Hence, we have learned all the HCatalog CLI Commands in detail. This will definitely help you to use various commands easily. Still, if any doubt regarding HCatalog CLI Commands, ask in the comment tab.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      In our last HCatalog Tutorial, we discussed HCatalog features. Today, we will see\u00a0HCatalog CLI Commands. There are various commands like, create table, alter table, view, Show table etc are supported by HCatalog. So, in...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":20209,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[441,2564,3103,3124,3156,4076,4077,4082,5509,5512,5535,8351,12853,12856],"class_list":["post-19999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hcatalog","tag-alter-table-statement","tag-cli-commands-in-hcatalog","tag-create-view-statement","tag-creating-an-index","tag-creating-table-in-hcatalog","tag-drop-table-statement","tag-drop-view-statement","tag-dropping-an-index","tag-hcatalog-cli-commands","tag-hcatalog-commands","tag-hcatalog-tutorial","tag-load-data-statement","tag-show-partitions-statement","tag-show-tables-statement"],"yoast_head":"\nLearn HCatalog CLI Commands (Create, Alter, View) - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"HCatalog CLI Commands,HCatalog tutorial,what are different CLI commands in HCatalog,Creating Table in HCatalog,Creating an Index,Show Tables Statement\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/hcatalog-cli-commands\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Learn HCatalog CLI Commands (Create, Alter, View) - 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