{"id":15066,"date":"2018-05-07T07:32:03","date_gmt":"2018-05-07T07:32:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=15066"},"modified":"2018-05-07T07:32:03","modified_gmt":"2018-05-07T07:32:03","slug":"kafka-performance-tuning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/kafka-performance-tuning\/","title":{"rendered":"Kafka Performance Tuning &#8211; Ways for Kafka Optimization"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In our last <strong>Kafka Tutorial<\/strong>, we discussed <strong>Kafka load test<\/strong>. Today, we will discuss Kafka Performance Tuning. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this article &#8220;Kafka Performance tuning&#8221;, we will describe the configuration we need to take care in setting up the cluster configuration. Also, we will discuss Tuning Kafka Producers, Tuning Kafka Consumers, and Tuning <strong>Kafka Brokers<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>So, let&#8217;s start with Kafka Performance\u00a0Tuning.<\/p>\n<h2>What is Kafka Performance Tuning?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are few configuration parameters to be considered while we talk about Kafka Performance tuning. Hence, to improve performance, the most important configurations are the one, which controls the disk flush rate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Also, we can divide these configurations on the component basis. So, let\u2019s talk about Producer first. Hence, most important configurations which need to be taken care at <strong>Producer<\/strong> side are \u2013<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Compression<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Batch size<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sync or Async<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">And, at <strong>Consumer<\/strong> side the important configuration is \u2013<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fetch size<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although, it\u2019s always confusing what batch size will be optimal when we think about batch size. We can say, large batch size may be great to have high throughput, it comes with latency issue. That implies latency and throughput is inversely proportional to each other.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is possible to have low latency with high throughput where we have to choose a proper batch-size for that use queue-time or refresh-interval to find the required right balance.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15301\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Kafka-Performance-Tunning-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15301\" class=\"wp-image-15301 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Kafka-Performance-Tunning-1.png\" alt=\"Kafka Performance Tuning Graph\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Kafka-Performance-Tunning-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Kafka-Performance-Tunning-1-150x79.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Kafka-Performance-Tunning-1-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Kafka-Performance-Tunning-1-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Kafka-Performance-Tunning-1-1024x536.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-15301\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kafka Performance Tuning Graph<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Tuning Kafka for Optimal Performance<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To be more specific, tuning involves two important metrics: Latency measures and throughput measures. Latency measures mean how long it takes to process one event, and similarly, how many events arrive within a specific amount of time, that means throughput measures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> So, most systems are optimized for either latency or throughput, while Apache Kafka balances both. Moreover, we can say, a well-tuned Kafka system has just enough brokers to handle topic throughput, given the latency required to process information as it is received.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>a. Tuning Kafka Producers<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As we know, Kafka uses an asynchronous <strong>publish\/subscribe model<\/strong>. While our producer calls the send() command, the result returned is a future. That future\u00a0offers methods to check the status of the information in the process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Moreover, as the batch is ready, the producer sends it to the broker. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Basically, the broker waits for an event, then, receives the result, and further responds that the transaction is complete.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For latency and throughput, two parameters are particularly important for Kafka performance Tuning:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>i.\u00a0Batch Size<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead of the number of messages, batch.size measures batch size in total bytes. That means it controls how many bytes of data to collect, before sending messages to the Kafka broker. So, without exceeding available memory, set this as high as possible. Make sure the default value is 16384.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, it might never get full, if we increase the size of our buffer. On the basis of other triggers, such as linger time in milliseconds, the Producer sends the information eventually. Although by setting the buffer batch size too high, we can impair memory usage, that does not impact latency.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Moreover, we are probably getting the best throughput possible, if our producer is sending all the time. Also, we might not be writing enough data to warrant the current allocation of resources, if the producer is often idle.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>ii.\u00a0Linger Time<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In order to buffer data in asynchronous mode, linger.ms sets the maximum time. Let&#8217;s understand it with an example, a setting of 100 batches 100ms of messages to send at once. Here, the buffering adds message delivery latency but this improves throughput.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, the producer does not wait, by default. Hence, it sends the buffer any time data is available.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Also, we can set linger.ms to 5 and send more messages in one batch, rather than sending immediately. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This would add up to 5 milliseconds of latency to records sent, but also reduce the number of requests sent, even if the load on the system does not warrant the delay.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">So,\u00a0for higher latency and higher throughput in our producer, increase linger.ms.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>b. Tuning Kafka Brokers<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As we know, Topics are divided into partitions. Further, each partition has a leader. Also, with multiple replicas, most partitions are written into leaders. However, if the leaders are not balanced properly, it might be possible that one might be overworked, compared to others.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">So, on the basis of our system or how critical our data is, we want to be sure that we have sufficient replication sets to preserve our data. It is recommended that starting with one partition per physical storage disk and one consumer per partition.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>c. Tuning Kafka Consumers<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Basically,<strong> Kafka Consumers<\/strong> can create throughput issues. It is must that the number of consumers for a topic is equal to the number of partitions. Because, to handle all the consumers needed to keep up with the producers, we need enough partitions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the same consumer group, consumers split the partitions among them. Hence, adding more consumers to a group can enhance performance, also adding more consumer groups does not affect performance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Moreover, the way we use the -replica.high.watermark.checkpoint.interval.ms <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">property, can affect throughput. Also, we can mark the last point where we read information while reading from a partition. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this way, we have a checkpoint from which to move forward without having to reread prior data, if we have to go back and locate the missing data. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">So, we will never lose a message, if we set the checkpoint watermark for every event, but it significantly impacts performance. Also, we have a margin of safety with much less impact on throughput, if, instead, we set it to check the offset every hundred messages.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Production Server Configurations in Kafka Tuning<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As per the availability of the cluster environment and machine configuration, here are some of the configurations parameter and their values which we can modify &#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15321\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Production-server-configurations-01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15321\" class=\"wp-image-15321 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Production-server-configurations-01.jpg\" alt=\"Kafka Performance tuning\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Production-server-configurations-01.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Production-server-configurations-01-150x79.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Production-server-configurations-01-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Production-server-configurations-01-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Production-server-configurations-01-1024x536.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-15321\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kafka Performance Tuning- Production Server Configurations<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>a.\u00a0num.replica.fetchers<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This parameter defines the number of threads which will be replicating data from leader to the follower. As per availability of thread, we can modify the value of this parameter. It is important to have the number of replica fetchers to complete replication in parallel if we have threads available.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>b.\u00a0replica.fetch.max.bytes<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This parameter is all about how much data we want to fetch from any partition in each fetch request. It\u2019s good to increase value for this parameter so, that it helps to create replica fast in the followers.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>c.\u00a0replica.socket.receive.buffer.bytes<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We can increase the size of a buffer if we have less thread available for creating the replica. Also, if replication thread is slow as compared to the incoming message rate, it will help to hold more data.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>d.\u00a0num.partitions<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While having Kafka in live, we should take care of this configuration. We can have the level of parallelism and write data in parallel, that will automatically increase the throughput.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, if the system configuration is not capable to handle then increasing the number of the partition can slow down our performance and throughput. Basically, if a system does not have sufficient threads or just have single disk then it does not make sense in creating lots of partition for better throughput.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> So, we can say, the creation of more partition for a topic is directly dependent on available threads and disk.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>e.\u00a0num.io.threads<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Basically, how much disk we have in our cluster, that decides setting value for I\/O threads. Moreover, a server uses these threads for executing the request. Hence, a number of threads must depend on a number of the disk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>So, this was all about Kafka Performance Tuning. Hope you like our explanation.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion: Kafka Performance Tuning<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hence, we have seen the whole concept of Kafka Performance tuning. Moreover, we studied Tuning Kafka Producer, Tuning Kafka Broker, tuning Kafka Consumer. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition, we discussed 5 production server configuration. Still, if any doubt occurs, regarding Kafka Performance tuning, feel free to ask in the comment section.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In our last Kafka Tutorial, we discussed Kafka load test. Today, we will discuss Kafka Performance Tuning. In this article &#8220;Kafka Performance tuning&#8221;, we will describe the configuration we need to take care in&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":15320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[843,7912,7916,7917,9295,9467,14978,14979,14980],"class_list":["post-15066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kafka","tag-apache-kafka-performance","tag-kafka-optimization","tag-kafka-performance","tag-kafka-performance-tuning","tag-optimal-performance","tag-performance-of-apache-kafka","tag-tuning-kafka-brokers","tag-tuning-kafka-consumers","tag-tuning-kafka-producers"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kafka Performance Tuning - Ways for Kafka Optimization - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kafka Performance Tuning,Tuning kafka optimal performance,tuning Kafka Producers,Tuning kafka Brokers, Performance Tuning in Kafka, Kafka Consumer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/kafka-performance-tuning\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kafka Performance Tuning - Ways for Kafka Optimization - DataFlair\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kafka Performance Tuning,Tuning kafka optimal performance,tuning Kafka Producers,Tuning kafka Brokers, Performance Tuning in Kafka, Kafka Consumer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/kafka-performance-tuning\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DataFlair\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DataFlairWS\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-05-07T07:32:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Kafka-Performance-Tuning-01-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"DataFlair Team\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@DataFlairWS\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@DataFlairWS\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"DataFlair Team\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Kafka Performance Tuning - Ways for Kafka Optimization - DataFlair","description":"Kafka Performance Tuning,Tuning kafka optimal performance,tuning Kafka Producers,Tuning kafka Brokers, Performance Tuning in Kafka, Kafka Consumer","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/kafka-performance-tuning\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Kafka Performance Tuning - Ways for Kafka Optimization - DataFlair","og_description":"Kafka Performance Tuning,Tuning kafka optimal performance,tuning Kafka Producers,Tuning kafka Brokers, Performance Tuning in Kafka, Kafka Consumer","og_url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/kafka-performance-tuning\/","og_site_name":"DataFlair","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DataFlairWS\/","article_published_time":"2018-05-07T07:32:03+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":628,"url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/05\/Kafka-Performance-Tuning-01-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"DataFlair Team","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@DataFlairWS","twitter_site":"@DataFlairWS","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"DataFlair Team","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/kafka-performance-tuning\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/kafka-performance-tuning\/"},"author":{"name":"DataFlair Team","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/#\/schema\/person\/7f83c342f5d1632d6f7b4b0b0f447823"},"headline":"Kafka Performance Tuning &#8211; 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