{"id":1503,"date":"2017-01-21T10:24:14","date_gmt":"2017-01-21T10:24:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=1503"},"modified":"2018-11-15T14:47:12","modified_gmt":"2018-11-15T09:17:12","slug":"linux-commands-list","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/linux-commands-list\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux Commands List for Linux Programming &#8211; Part 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='__iawmlf-post-loop-links' style='display:none;' data-iawmlf-post-links='[{&quot;id&quot;:2380,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;http:\\\/\\\/linuxcommand.org&quot;,&quot;archived_href&quot;:&quot;http:\\\/\\\/web-wp.archive.org\\\/web\\\/20251011114217\\\/https:\\\/\\\/linuxcommand.org\\\/&quot;,&quot;redirect_href&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;checks&quot;:[{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-11 05:41:56&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-01 18:46:14&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-02 02:48:02&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-06 10:44:01&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-27 15:23:37&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-20 06:14:08&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-29 07:35:50&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206}],&quot;broken&quot;:false,&quot;last_checked&quot;:{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-29 07:35:50&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:206},&quot;process&quot;:&quot;done&quot;}]'><\/div>\n<h2>1. Linux Commands List<\/h2>\n<p>This Linux Commands tutorial covers Linux commands list for beginners. It will help you in learning 10 most commonly used Linux commands with syntax to start Linux programming. You will also get few Linux commands with examples here. It will cover commands like pwd, cd, ls, mkdir, rmdir, echo, cat, zcat, cp and mv.<\/p>\n<p>So, let&#8217;s learn Linux Commands List.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_42180\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/Linux-Commands-List-01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-42180\" class=\"size-full wp-image-42180\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/Linux-Commands-List-01.jpg\" alt=\"Linux Commands List for Linux Programming - Part 3\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/Linux-Commands-List-01.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/Linux-Commands-List-01-150x79.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/Linux-Commands-List-01-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/Linux-Commands-List-01-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/Linux-Commands-List-01-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/Linux-Commands-List-01-520x272.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-42180\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Linux Commands List for Linux Programming &#8211; Part 3<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>2. Linux Commands List<\/h2>\n<p>This basic Linux commands list, contains commands with their syntax and usage:<\/p>\n<h3>2.1. pwd<\/h3>\n<p><strong>a. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">pwd<\/pre>\n<p>This Linux command is used to print working directory<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">d= `pwd`<\/pre>\n<p>This command is used to save current working directory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c.Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">cd $d<\/pre>\n<p>This command is used to go back to the saved directory.<\/p>\n<h3>2.2. cd<\/h3>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px\">a. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cd \/&lt;some path&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>This command changes directory to the specified path.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cd<\/pre>\n<p>This Linux command will take you to home if path is not mentioned.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cd \/<\/pre>\n<p>This command is used to go to root directory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>d. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cd ..<\/pre>\n<p>This command will move one back towards root directory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>e. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cd \u2013<\/pre>\n<p>This Linux command is used to move to the previous directory.<\/p>\n<h3>2.3. ls<\/h3>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px\">a. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ ls<\/pre>\n<p>This command lists all the files and directories in the current working directory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ ls &lt;file or directory name&gt;\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>This command will list the contents present in the specified file or directory.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ ls \u2013l<\/pre>\n<p>This Linux command displays file in columns with more details like owner of file, File size, date etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>d. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ ls \u2013hl<\/pre>\n<p>This command lists the file in human readable long form(change bytes into kilobytes,gigabytes etc).<\/p>\n<p><strong>e.\u00a0Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ ls \u2013hlt<\/pre>\n<p>This command lists the file in human readable form sorted by time to last modified.<\/p>\n<p><strong>f. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ ls \u2013al<\/pre>\n<p>This command lists all files in the directory including dot files.<\/p>\n<p><strong>g. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ ls *.txt&lt;may be other extension&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>This command lists all the files in the directory which have .txt extension.<\/p>\n<h3>2.4. mkdir<\/h3>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px\">a. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ mkdir &lt;directory name&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>This Linux command makes new directory\/folder with mentioned name.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ mkdir -p a\/b\/c<\/pre>\n<p>This command creates nested directories a&gt;b&gt;c.<\/p>\n<h3>2.5. rmdir<\/h3>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px\">a. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ rmdir &lt;empty directory name&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>This command removes the directory which is empty.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ rm -r &lt;non empty directory&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>This command removes non-empty directory.<\/p>\n<h3>2.6. echo<\/h3>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px\">a. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ echo &lt;String&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>This command prints the string passed to echo as an arguments.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ echo<\/pre>\n<p>This Linux command leaves blank line if you leave arguments.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ echo \"hello world\"\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>This command prints the given string with spaces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>d. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ echo -e \"\\thello\\nworld\"<\/pre>\n<p>This Linux command interprets special characters.<\/p>\n<p><strong>e. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ echo -n &lt;String&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>This command suppresses the next line to the given string.<\/p>\n<p><strong>f. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ echo $name<\/pre>\n<p>This command prints the value containing in name with expanded variable.<\/p>\n<h3>2.7. cat<\/h3>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px\">a. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cat file1.txt<\/pre>\n<p>This Linux command displays the contents of file1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cat file1.txt file2.txt<\/pre>\n<p>This command displays contents of both the files in different lines.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cat -n file1.txt<\/pre>\n<p>This command prints file content with line number.<\/p>\n<p><strong>d. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cat flle1.txt&gt;&gt;file2.txt<\/pre>\n<p>This command appends the content of file2 after file1 content.<\/p>\n<p><strong>e. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cat file1.txt file2.txt&gt;&gt;file3.txt<\/pre>\n<p>This command appends the content of file1 after the content of file3 and then appends file2 content.<\/p>\n<p><strong>f. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cat file1.txt | wc \u2013l<\/pre>\n<p>This Linux command counts the number of lines in the file1.txt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>g. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cat file1.txt | wc \u2013c<\/pre>\n<p>This command counts the character in file1 including space.<\/p>\n<h3>2.8. zcat<\/h3>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px\">a. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ zcat file1.txt.gz<\/pre>\n<p>This command display the content of zip file.<\/p>\n<h3>2.9. cp<\/h3>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px\">a. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cp file1 file2<\/pre>\n<p>This command copies the content of file1 into file 2(overide).<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ cp -R dir1 dir2<\/pre>\n<p>This command recursively copies the dir1 into dir2.<\/p>\n<h3>2.10. mv<\/h3>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px\">a. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ mv file1 file2<\/pre>\n<p>This Linux command renames the file1 by the file2 name.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ mv file1 dir1\/dir2\/file2<\/pre>\n<p>This command will move the file1 to dir1\/dir2\/ and renames file1 by file2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ mv file1 dir1\/dir2\/<\/pre>\n<p>This command will only move the file1 in dir1\/dir2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>d. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ mv a a.1\r\n$ mv b a\r\n$ mv a.1 b<\/pre>\n<p>This command will swipe the name of two files.<\/p>\n<p><strong>e. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">$ mv file1.txt file1.html<\/pre>\n<p>shortcut $ mv file1.{txt,html}<\/p>\n<p>This Linux command changes the extension of file1 from .txt to .html.<\/p>\n<p><strong>f. Usage:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">mv -n file1 dir1\/<\/pre>\n<p>If in dir1 the same file1 exists, so it will be overwritten by the file1 which we are moving.<\/p>\n<p>So, this was all about Linux Commands List. Hope you like our explanation. Furthermore, if you have any query, feel free to ask in the comment section.<\/p>\n<p>Learn\u00a0more commands in <a href=\"http:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/commonly-used-linux-commands-list-part-4\/\">Linux Commands \u2013 Part 4<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/linuxcommand.org\/\">Source<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Linux Commands List This Linux Commands tutorial covers Linux commands list for beginners. It will help you in learning 10 most commonly used Linux commands with syntax to start Linux programming. You will&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":42180,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[2695,8303,8304],"class_list":["post-1503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","tag-common-linux-commands","tag-linux","tag-linux-commands"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Linux Commands List for Linux Programming - Part 3 - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Linux commands list for beginners-Linux commands with syntax and examples pwd, cd, ls, mkdir, rmdir, echo, cat, zcat, cp and mv.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/linux-commands-list\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux Commands List for Linux Programming - Part 3 - DataFlair\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Linux commands list for beginners-Linux commands with syntax and examples pwd, cd, ls, mkdir, rmdir, echo, cat, zcat, cp and mv.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/linux-commands-list\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DataFlair\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DataFlairWS\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-01-21T10:24:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-11-15T09:17:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/Linux-Commands-List-01.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"DataFlair Team\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@DataFlairWS\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@DataFlairWS\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"DataFlair Team\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Linux Commands List for Linux Programming - Part 3 - DataFlair","description":"Linux commands list for beginners-Linux commands with syntax and examples pwd, cd, ls, mkdir, rmdir, echo, cat, zcat, cp and mv.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/linux-commands-list\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Linux Commands List for Linux Programming - Part 3 - DataFlair","og_description":"Linux commands list for beginners-Linux commands with syntax and examples pwd, cd, ls, mkdir, rmdir, echo, cat, zcat, cp and mv.","og_url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/linux-commands-list\/","og_site_name":"DataFlair","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DataFlairWS\/","article_published_time":"2017-01-21T10:24:14+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-11-15T09:17:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":628,"url":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/01\/Linux-Commands-List-01.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"DataFlair Team","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@DataFlairWS","twitter_site":"@DataFlairWS","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"DataFlair Team","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/linux-commands-list\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/linux-commands-list\/"},"author":{"name":"DataFlair Team","@id":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/#\/schema\/person\/7f83c342f5d1632d6f7b4b0b0f447823"},"headline":"Linux Commands List for Linux Programming &#8211; 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