

{"id":13801,"date":"2018-04-18T06:40:11","date_gmt":"2018-04-18T06:40:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=13801"},"modified":"2021-12-03T10:35:31","modified_gmt":"2021-12-03T05:05:31","slug":"stat-group-sequential-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/stat-group-sequential-design\/","title":{"rendered":"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211; With 2 Simple Procedures"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We looked at different types of analysis in the previous tutorial, today we will be looking at SAS\/STAT group sequential design and analysis and how group sequential design is used in <a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/stat-tutorial\/\"><strong>SAS\/STAT<\/strong><\/a>. Our focus here will be to understand different procedures that can be used for SAS\/STAT group sequential design and analysis through the use of examples.<br \/>\nSo let&#8217;s start with SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13804\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/sas-stat-group-sequential-design-and-analysis-01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13804\" class=\"wp-image-13804 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/sas-stat-group-sequential-design-and-analysis-01.jpg\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/sas-stat-group-sequential-design-and-analysis-01.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/sas-stat-group-sequential-design-and-analysis-01-150x79.jpg 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/sas-stat-group-sequential-design-and-analysis-01-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/sas-stat-group-sequential-design-and-analysis-01-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/sas-stat-group-sequential-design-and-analysis-01-1024x536.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13804\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>What is SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis?<\/h3>\n<p>A trial is conducted according to a plan called a protocol. A protocol details the objectives of the trial, the data collection process, and the analysis.<\/p>\n<p>The protocol specifies the null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis, a test statistic, the probability of a Type I error, the probability of a Type II error, the sample size needed to attain a specified power at an alternative reference, and critical values associated with the test statistic.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/stat-features\/\">Let&#8217;s Know About Important SAS\/STAT Features You Must Know<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\nSAS\/STAT group sequential design provides detailed specifications for a group sequential trial. In addition to the usual specifications, it provides the total number of stages (the number of interim stages plus a final stage) and a stopping criterion to reject, accept, or either reject or accept the null hypothesis at each interim stage.<\/p>\n<p>It also provides critical values and the sample size at each stage of the trial.<br \/>\nSAS\/STAT group sequential trial usually involves six steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Specify the statistical details of the design, including the null and alternative hypotheses, a test statistic for the hypothesis test, the Type I and II error probabilities, a stopping criterion, the total number of stages, and the relative information level at each stage.<\/li>\n<li>You compute the boundary values for the trial based on the specifications in Step 1. You also compute the sample size required at each stage for the specified <a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/hypothesis-testing\/\"><strong>hypothesis test<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>At each stage, you collect additional data with the required sample sizes. The data available at each stage include the data collected at the current stage in addition to the data collected at previous stages.<\/li>\n<li>At each stage, you analyze the available data with a procedure such as the REG procedure, and you compute the test statistic.<\/li>\n<li>At each stage, you compare the test statistic with the corresponding boundary values. You stop the trial to reject or accept the hypothesis, or you continue the trial to the next stage. If you continue the trial to the final stage, you either accept or reject the hypothesis.<\/li>\n<li>After the trial stops, you compute parameter estimates, confidence limits for the parameter, and a p-value for the hypothesis test.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/sas-stat-anova\/\">Read About SAS \/STAT ANOVA \u2013 8 Procedures for Calculating Analysis of Variance<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Procedures for Group Sequential Design and Analysis in SAS\/STAT<\/h3>\n<p>The following procedures perform for SAS\/STAT group sequential design and analysis of a sample data. Each procedure has a different syntax and is used with different type of data in different contexts. Let us explore each one of these.<\/p>\n<h4>a. PROC SEQDESIGN<\/h4>\n<p>The SEQDESIGN procedure is used at Step 2 of the analysis to compute the boundary values and required sample sizes for the trial. The boundary values are derived in such a way that the overall Type I and Type II error probability levels are maintained at the levels specified in the design.<br \/>\n<strong>PROC SEQDESIGN Syntax-<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\">PROC SEQDESIGN\u00a0 &lt;OPTIONS&gt;;<\/pre>\n<p><strong>PROC SEQDESIGN Example-<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\">ods graphics on;\r\nproc seqdesign altref=20\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 plots=all\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ;\r\n\u00a0\u00a0 TwoSidedOBrienFleming: design nstages=5\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 method=triangular\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ;\r\n\u00a0\u00a0 samplesize model=twosamplemean(stddev=20);\r\nods output Boundary=Bnd_LDL;\r\nrun;<\/pre>\n<p>The ALTREF= option specifies the alternative reference. The ALTREF=20 option implies a lower alternative reference of -20 and an upper alternative reference of 20.<br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/categorical-data-analysis\/\">Let&#8217;s Look at SAS\/STAT Categorical Data Analysis Procedure<\/a> <\/strong><br \/>\nThe label \u201cTwoSidedOBrienFleming\u201d identifies the design in the output.<br \/>\nThe NSTAGES=5 option specifies the total number of stages, including four interim stages and a final stage.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13805\" style=\"width: 528px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13805\" class=\"wp-image-13805 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-1.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"518\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-1.png 518w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-1-150x136.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-1-300x272.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13805\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQDESIGN<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/stat-cluster-analysis\/\">Read about 7 Simple SAS\/STAT Cluster Analysis Procedures <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13806\" style=\"width: 713px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13806\" class=\"wp-image-13806 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-2.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"703\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-2.png 703w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-2-150x143.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-2-300x285.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13806\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQDESIGN<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_13807\" style=\"width: 505px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13807\" class=\"wp-image-13807 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-3.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"495\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-3.png 495w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-3-150x105.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-3-300x210.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13807\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQDESIGN<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_13808\" style=\"width: 662px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13808\" class=\"wp-image-13808 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-4.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"652\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-4.png 652w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-4-150x120.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-4-300x239.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13808\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQDESIGN<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_13809\" style=\"width: 663px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13809\" class=\"wp-image-13809 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-5.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"653\" height=\"493\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-5.png 653w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-5-150x113.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-5-300x226.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13809\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQDESIGN<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_13810\" style=\"width: 658px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13810\" class=\"wp-image-13810 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-6.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"648\" height=\"487\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-6.png 648w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-6-150x113.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-6-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13810\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQDESIGN<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_13811\" style=\"width: 662px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13811\" class=\"wp-image-13811 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-7.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"652\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-7.png 652w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-7-150x112.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQDESIGN-OUTPUT-7-300x224.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13811\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQDESIGN<\/p><\/div>\n<h4><span style=\"font-family: Georgia, Georgia, serif;font-weight: inherit\">b. PROC SEQTEST<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The SEQTEST procedure is used at Step 5 of the analysis to compare the test statistic with its boundary values. The boundary tables created in the SEQDESIGN procedure are structured for input to the SEQTEST procedure. You also use the SEQTEST procedure at Step 6 to compute parameter estimates, confidence limits, and p-values after the trial stops.<br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/base-sas-interview-questions\/\">Just Check Your Knowledge\u00a0with Base SAS Interview Questions for 2018<\/a> <\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>PROC SEQTEST\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Syntax-<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\">PROC SEQTEST &lt;OPTIONS&gt;;<\/pre>\n<p><strong>PROC SEQTEST Example-<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\">ods graphics on;\r\nproc seqdesign altref=-10\r\nboundaryscale=stdz\r\nplots=boundary(hscale=samplesize)\r\n;\r\nTwoSidedOBrienFleming: design method=obf\r\nalt=twosided stop=reject\r\nnstages=4\r\nalpha=0.05 beta=0.10\r\n;\r\nsamplesize model=twosamplemean(stddev=20);\r\nods output Boundary=bound_ldl;\r\nrun;\r\nods graphics off;\r\nproc reg data=sashelp.cars;\r\nmodel wheelbase=horsepower;\r\nods output ParameterEstimates=parms_1;\r\nrun;\r\ndata ldlparms_1;\r\nset parms_1;\r\nif Variable='Horsepower';\r\nkeep _Scale_ _Stage_ Variable Estimate StdErr;\r\n_Scale_='MLE';\r\n_Stage_= 1;\r\nrun;\r\nproc print data=ldlparms_1;\r\ntitle \u2019Stage 1 Test Statistics\u2019;\r\nrun;\u00a0\r\nods graphics on;\r\nproc seqtest boundary=bound_ldl\r\nparms(testvar=horsepower)= ldlparms_1\r\norder=stagewise\r\n;\r\nods output test=tldl_1;\r\nrun;\r\nods graphics off;<\/pre>\n<p>The REG procedure is used to estimate the mean treatment difference and standard error at the first stage. Then we invoke the SEQTEST procedure to test for early stopping at the first stage. The BOUNDARY= option specifies the input data set that contains the boundary information generated by the SEQDESIGN procedure.<\/p>\n<p>The PARMS= option specifies the input data set that contains the test statistic and standard error for each stage. The ORDER=STAGEWISE option specifies the sample space order.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_13812\" style=\"width: 550px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13812\" class=\"wp-image-13812 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-1.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"540\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-1.png 540w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-1-122x150.png 122w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-1-244x300.png 244w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13812\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQTEST<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_13813\" style=\"width: 670px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13813\" class=\"wp-image-13813 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-2.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"660\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-2.png 660w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-2-150x146.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-2-300x292.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13813\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQTEST<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_13814\" style=\"width: 551px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13814\" class=\"wp-image-13814 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-3.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"541\" height=\"652\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-3.png 541w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-3-124x150.png 124w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-3-249x300.png 249w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 541px) 100vw, 541px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13814\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQTEST<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_13815\" style=\"width: 546px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13815\" class=\"wp-image-13815 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-4.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"536\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-4.png 536w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-4-134x150.png 134w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-4-269x300.png 269w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13815\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQTEST<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_13816\" style=\"width: 671px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13816\" class=\"wp-image-13816 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-5.png\" alt=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis\" width=\"661\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-5.png 661w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-5-150x136.png 150w, https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/04\/PROC-SEQTEST-OUTPUT-5-300x272.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-13816\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis &#8211;\u00a0PROC SEQTEST<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;font-weight: inherit\">This was all\u00a0about SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis Tutorial. Hope you like our explanation<\/span><b style=\"font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif\"><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;font-weight: inherit\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>So, this was a complete description and a comprehensive understanding of what is SAS\/STAT group sequential design and analysis. We looked at each one of a procedure used for SAS\/STAT group sequential design and analysis with their syntax, and examples.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, we learn how STAT group sequential design can be used. Hope you all enjoyed it. Stay tuned for more interesting topics in SAS\/STAT, and for any doubts, post it in the comments section below.<br \/>\nRelates Topic &#8211;\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/sas-online-quiz\/\">SAS Online Quiz\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SAS_(software)\">For reference\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><span hidden class=\"__iawmlf-post-loop-links\" data-iawmlf-links=\"[{&quot;id&quot;:1952,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\/wiki\\\/SAS_(software)&quot;,&quot;archived_href&quot;:&quot;http:\\\/\\\/web-wp.archive.org\\\/web\\\/20251006212914\\\/https:\\\/\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\/wiki\\\/SAS_(software)&quot;,&quot;redirect_href&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;checks&quot;:[{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-10 13:00:45&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-15 12:49:28&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-20 09:32:09&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-23 17:22:49&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2025-12-30 02:03:38&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-05 20:18:15&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-09 21:56:50&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-12 22:25:10&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-16 09:53:16&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-20 05:14:31&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-27 08:20:47&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-02 05:05:41&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-05 17:02:10&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-13 15:25:01&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-17 13:34:58&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-20 13:51:56&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-24 02:47:03&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-02-27 04:39:29&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-05 13:34:23&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-16 12:33:12&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-19 20:11:33&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-24 11:59:24&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-27 18:24:40&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:429},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-31 15:48:53&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-03 21:34:57&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-07 13:45:06&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-13 08:24:54&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-18 17:14:13&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-24 11:49:04&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-28 03:52:46&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-04 10:00:51&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-12 20:52:05&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-16 12:16:09&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-19 15:31:05&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-24 17:33:57&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:429},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-29 16:03:14&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:404},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-01 18:43:45&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-05 09:43:15&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-08 18:48:36&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:404},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-13 15:49:05&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-18 14:07:01&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200}],&quot;broken&quot;:false,&quot;last_checked&quot;:{&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-18 14:07:01&quot;,&quot;http_code&quot;:200},&quot;process&quot;:&quot;done&quot;}]\"><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We looked at different types of analysis in the previous tutorial, today we will be looking at SAS\/STAT group sequential design and analysis and how group sequential design is used in SAS\/STAT. Our focus&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":13804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[10098,10099,10100,10101,10102,10103,13757,15728],"class_list":["post-13801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sas-stat","tag-proc-seqdesign","tag-proc-seqdesign-example","tag-proc-seqdesign-syntax","tag-proc-seqtest","tag-proc-seqtest-example","tag-proc-seqtest-syntax","tag-stat-group-sequential-design","tag-what-is-group-sequential-design"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis - With 2 Simple Procedures - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and analysis Tutorial-what is Group Sequential Design and analysis in SAS\/STAT, Procedure: PROC SEQDESIGN, PROC SEQTEST\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/stat-group-sequential-design\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SAS\/STAT Group Sequential Design and Analysis - 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