

{"id":114037,"date":"2023-06-15T09:00:04","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T03:30:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=114037"},"modified":"2023-06-15T10:54:56","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T05:24:56","slug":"selenium-webdriver-browser-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/selenium-webdriver-browser-commands\/","title":{"rendered":"Selenium WebDriver Browser Commands"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Selenium WebDriver is a powerful tool for automating web browsers. It provides a range of browser commands that allow you to interact with the browser and control its behavior during test execution. In this article, we&#8217;ll explore the different types of browser commands available in Selenium WebDriver. We will also learn how they can be used to control the browser during test execution.<\/p>\n<h3>Types of Browser Commands in Selenium WebDriver<\/h3>\n<p>There are several types of browser commands available in Selenium WebDriver. Let&#8217;s explore each of these types of commands in detail.<\/p>\n<h4>1. Selenium Navigation Commands<\/h4>\n<p>Navigation commands allow you to control the browser&#8217;s navigation and move from one web page to another. The following are the navigation commands available in Selenium WebDriver:<\/p>\n<h5>a. get(url)<\/h5>\n<p>The get(url) command is used to navigate to a new web page by providing its URL as an argument.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Navigate to a new web page\r\ndriver.get(\"https:\/\/www.example.com\");<\/pre>\n<h5>b. navigate().to(url)<\/h5>\n<p>The navigate().to(url) command is similar to the get(url) command, but it is provided by the Navigation interface of the WebDriver API.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Navigate to a new web page\r\ndriver.navigate().to(\"https:\/\/www.example.com\");<\/pre>\n<h5>c. navigate().back()<\/h5>\n<p>The navigate().back() command is used to move back to the previous web page in the browser&#8217;s history.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Navigate back to the previous web page\r\ndriver.navigate().back();<\/pre>\n<h5>d. navigate().forward()<\/h5>\n<p>The navigate().forward() command is used to move forward to the next web page in the browser&#8217;s history.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Navigate forward to the next web page\r\ndriver.navigate().forward();<\/pre>\n<h5>e. navigate().refresh()<\/h5>\n<p>The navigate().refresh() command is used to reload the current web page.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Reload the current web page\r\ndriver.navigate().refresh();<\/pre>\n<h4>2. Selenium Browser Window Commands<\/h4>\n<p>Browser window commands allow you to control the browser window&#8217;s behavior during test execution. The following are the browser window commands available in Selenium WebDriver:<\/p>\n<h5>a. manage().window().maximize()<\/h5>\n<p>The manage().window().maximize() command is used to maximize the browser window.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Maximize the browser window\r\ndriver.manage().window().maximize();<\/pre>\n<h5>b. manage().window().fullscreen()<\/h5>\n<p>The manage().window().fullscreen() command is used to make the browser window full screen.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Make the browser window full screen\r\ndriver.manage().window().fullscreen();<\/pre>\n<h5>c. manage().window().setSize(width, height)<\/h5>\n<p>The manage().window().setSize(width, height) command is used to set the size of the browser window.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Set the size of the browser window\r\ndriver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(800, 600));<\/pre>\n<h4>3. Selenium Alert Commands<\/h4>\n<p>Alert commands allow you to handle alerts that may appear during test execution. The following are the alert commands available in Selenium WebDriver:<\/p>\n<h5>a. switchTo().alert().accept()<\/h5>\n<p>The switchTo().alert().accept() command is used to accept an alert that appears on the web page.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Accept an alert\r\ndriver.switchTo().alert().accept();<\/pre>\n<h5>b. switchTo().alert().dismiss()<\/h5>\n<p>The switchTo().alert().dismiss() command is used to dismiss an alert that appears on the web page.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Dismiss an alert\r\ndriver.switchTo().alert().dismiss();<\/pre>\n<h5>c. switchTo().alert().getText()<\/h5>\n<p>The switchTo().alert().getText() command is used to get the text of an alert that appears on the web page.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Get the text of an alert\r\nString alertText = driver.switchTo().alert().getText();<\/pre>\n<h5>d. switchTo().alert().sendKeys(text)<\/h5>\n<p>The switchTo().alert().sendKeys(text) command is used to enter text into a prompt alert that appears on the web page.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Enter text into a prompt alert\r\ndriver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys(\"Hello, World!\");<\/pre>\n<h4>4. Selenium Frame Commands<\/h4>\n<p>Frame commands allow you to switch between frames that may be present on a web page. The following are the frame commands available in Selenium WebDriver:<\/p>\n<h5>a. switchTo().frame(index)<\/h5>\n<p>The switchTo().frame(index) command is used to switch to a frame on a web page using its index.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Switch to a frame using its index\r\ndriver.switchTo().frame(0);<\/pre>\n<h5>b. switchTo().frame(nameOrId)<\/h5>\n<p>The switchTo().frame(nameOrId) command is used to switch to a frame on a web page using its name or ID.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Switch to a frame using its name or ID\r\ndriver.switchTo().frame(\"frame_name_or_id\");<\/pre>\n<h5>c. switchTo().defaultContent()<\/h5>\n<p>The switchTo().defaultContent() command is used to switch back to the default content of the web page after switching to a frame.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Switch back to the default content of the web page\r\ndriver.switchTo().defaultContent();<\/pre>\n<h4>5. Cookies Commands in Selenium<\/h4>\n<p>Cookies commands allow you to manage cookies that are stored by the web browser during test execution. The following are the cookies commands available in Selenium WebDriver:<\/p>\n<h5>a. manage().addCookie(cookie)<\/h5>\n<p>The manage().addCookie(cookie) command is used to add a new cookie to the browser.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Add a new cookie to the browser\r\nCookie cookie = new Cookie(\"name\", \"value\");\r\ndriver.manage().addCookie(cookie);<\/pre>\n<h5>b. manage().getCookies()<\/h5>\n<p>The manage().getCookies() command is used to get all the cookies stored by the browser.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Get all the cookies stored by the browser\r\nSet&lt;Cookie&gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies();<\/pre>\n<h5>c. manage().getCookieNamed(name)<\/h5>\n<p>The manage().getCookieNamed(name) command is used to get a specific cookie stored by the browser using its name.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Get a specific cookie stored by the browser using its name\r\nCookie cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\"cookie_name\");<\/pre>\n<h5>d. manage().deleteCookie(cookie)<\/h5>\n<p>The manage().deleteCookie(cookie) command is used to delete a specific cookie stored by the browser.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Delete a specific cookie stored by the browser\r\nCookie cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\"cookie_name\");\r\ndriver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie);<\/pre>\n<h5>e. manage().deleteAllCookies()<\/h5>\n<p>The manage().deleteAllCookies() command is used to delete all cookies stored by the browser.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Delete all cookies stored by the browser\r\ndriver.manage().deleteAllCookies();<\/pre>\n<h4>6. JavaScript Commands<\/h4>\n<p>JavaScript commands allow you to execute JavaScript code during test execution. The following are the JavaScript commands available in Selenium WebDriver:<\/p>\n<h5>a. executeScript(script, args)<\/h5>\n<p>The executeScript(script, args) command is used to execute JavaScript code on the web page during test execution.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Execute JavaScript code on the web page during test execution\r\nString script = \"return document.title;\";\r\nString title = (String) driver.executeScript(script);<\/pre>\n<h5>b . executeAsyncScript(script, args)<\/h5>\n<p>The executeAsyncScript(script, args) command is used to execute asynchronous JavaScript code on the web page during test execution.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">\/\/ Execute asynchronous JavaScript code on the web page during test execution\r\nString script = \"var callback = arguments[arguments.length<\/pre>\n<h4>7. Get Command<\/h4>\n<p>The &#8220;get&#8221; command in WebDriver browser commands is used to navigate the browser to a specified URL. It takes a single argument, which is the URL of the page you want to load. Once the page is loaded, the browser will remain on that page until further instructions are given.<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example of using the &#8220;get&#8221; command with WebDriver in Python:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">from selenium import webdriver\r\n\r\nbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()\r\n\r\nbrowser.get('https:\/\/www.google.com')\r\n\r\nbrowser.implicitly_wait(10)\r\n\r\nsearch_bar = browser.find_element_by_name('q')\r\nsearch_bar.send_keys('webdriver')\r\nsearch_bar.submit()\r\n\r\nbrowser.quit()<\/pre>\n<p>In the example above, we first create a new instance of the Chrome browser using the webdriver.Chrome() command. We then use the get() command to navigate to Google&#8217;s homepage. After waiting for the page to load, we search for the keyword &#8220;webdriver&#8221; in the search bar and submit the search. Finally, we close the browser using the quit() command.<\/p>\n<h4>8. Get Title Command<\/h4>\n<p>The &#8220;get title&#8221; command in WebDriver browser commands is used to retrieve the title of the current web page that is loaded in the browser. It returns a string that represents the title of the page.<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example of using the &#8220;get title&#8221; command with WebDriver in Python:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">from selenium import webdriver\r\n\r\nbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()\r\n\r\nbrowser.get('https:\/\/www.google.com')\r\n\r\nbrowser.implicitly_wait(10)\r\n\r\npage_title = browser.title\r\nprint('Page title:', page_title)\r\n\r\nbrowser.quit()<\/pre>\n<p>In the example above, we first create a new instance of the Chrome browser using the webdriver.Chrome() command. We then use the get() command to navigate to Google&#8217;s homepage. After waiting for the page to load, we retrieve the page title using the title attribute and store it in a variable called page_title. Finally, we print the page title to the console and close the browser using the quit() command.<\/p>\n<h4>9. Selenium Get Page Source Command<\/h4>\n<p>The &#8220;get page source&#8221; command in WebDriver browser commands is used to retrieve the HTML source code of the current web page that is loaded in the browser. It returns a string that represents the HTML source code of the page.<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example of using the &#8220;get page source&#8221; command with WebDriver in Python:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">from selenium import webdriver\r\n\r\nbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()\r\n\r\nbrowser.get('https:\/\/www.google.com')\r\n\r\nbrowser.implicitly_wait(10)\r\n\r\npage_source = browser.page_source\r\nprint('Page source:', page_source)\r\n\r\nbrowser.quit()<\/pre>\n<p>In the example above, we first create a new instance of the Chrome browser using the webdriver.Chrome() command. We then use the get() command to navigate to Google&#8217;s homepage. After waiting for the page to load, we retrieve the page source using the page_source attribute and store it in a variable called page_source. Finally, we print the page source to the console and close the browser using the quit() command.<\/p>\n<h4>10. Selenium Quit Command<\/h4>\n<p>The &#8220;quit&#8221; command in WebDriver browser commands is used to close the browser window and end the WebDriver session. It is important to use the quit() command at the end of the script to ensure that all browser windows and sessions are properly terminated and any resources used by the WebDriver instance are freed up.<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example of using the &#8220;quit&#8221; command with WebDriver in Python:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\">from selenium import webdriver\r\n\r\nbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()\r\n\r\nbrowser.get('https:\/\/www.google.com')\r\n\r\nbrowser.implicitly_wait(10)\r\n\r\nsearch_bar = browser.find_element_by_name('q')\r\nsearch_bar.send_keys('webdriver')\r\nsearch_bar.submit()\r\n\r\nbrowser.quit()<\/pre>\n<p>In the example above, we first create a new instance of the Chrome browser using the webdriver.Chrome() command. We then use the get() command to navigate to Google&#8217;s homepage. After waiting for the page to load, we search for the keyword &#8220;webdriver&#8221; in the search bar and submit the search. Finally, we close the browser using the quit() command. This ensures that the browser window and the WebDriver session are properly terminated and any resources used by the WebDriver instance are freed up.<\/p>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>In conclusion, browser commands in Selenium WebDriver are essential for automated web testing. With these commands, you can control and manage the browser during test execution. You can interact with web elements, handle alerts and prompts, and execute JavaScript code. Knowing these commands and their usage can help you write more efficient and effective tests. Also, you can troubleshoot issues that may arise during test execution.<\/p>\n<p>Although Selenium WebDriver&#8217;s most popular browser commands have been covered in this article, there are many more commands and functions accessible. Therefore, it is important to continue learning and exploring the capabilities of Selenium WebDriver to become an expert in automated web testing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selenium WebDriver is a powerful tool for automating web browsers. It provides a range of browser commands that allow you to interact with the browser and control its behavior during test execution. In this&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":581,"featured_media":114492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22825],"tags":[27564],"class_list":["post-114037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-selenium-tutorials","tag-selenium-webdriver-browser-commands"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Selenium WebDriver Browser Commands - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Browser commands in Selenium WebDriver help to control and manage the browser during test execution. 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