![\"Python](\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/03\/Python-os-Module-01.jpg\")
<\/a>List of 63 Python os Module with Syntax & Examples (Latest)<\/p><\/div>\n
What is the Python OS Module?<\/h3>\n
The OS module in Python lets us work with files and directories. We have been using it a lot to get to the Desktop in our examples. But it is much more.<\/p>\n
Why should you use the OS Module in Python?<\/strong><\/p>\n Let\u2019s discuss the important functions\/methods it offers. In case of any doubt, please ask us in the comments.<\/p>\n Let\u2019s check the dir() on this module?<\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n This method uses the real uid\/gid to test for access to a path. If access is allowed, it returns True.<\/p>\n Else, it returns False. The first argument is the path; the second is the mode.<\/p>\n The mode can take one of four values:<\/p>\n Now, let\u2019s take an example.<\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n This Python os module changes the current working directory to the path we specify.<\/p>\n Does this need another example?<\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n chflags() sets path flags to the numeric flags. These flags may take a combination(bitwise OR) of the following values:<\/p>\n Most flags are such that only the super-user can change them. Also, some flags don\u2019t work on all systems.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n This Python os Module alters the mode of the path to the passed numeric mode.<\/p>\n The mode may be on of the following values(or a bitwise OR combination of them):<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n This method does not return any value.<\/p>\n os.chroot(path) Module alters the current process\u2019s root directory to the given path.<\/span><\/p>\n To use this, we need super-user privileges.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n This method returns no value.<\/p>\n This Python os module closes the associated file with descriptor fd.<\/p>\n It does not return any value.<\/p>\n closerange() closes all file descriptors from fd_low to fd_high. Here, fd_low is inclusive, and fd_high is exclusive.<\/p>\n Here, fd_low is the lowest file descriptor to be closed, while fd_high is the highest. This method ignores errors.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n This method does not return any value.<\/p>\n Python os Module dup(fd) returns a duplicate of the file descriptor fd.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n This method returns a duplicate of the file descriptor.<\/p>\n dup2() duplicates the descriptor fd to fd2. And if necessary, it closes fd2 first.<\/p>\n The interpreter assigns the new file description only when it is available.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n This method returns a duplicate of the file descriptor.<\/p>\n fchdir() alters the current working directory to the directory that the file descriptor fd represents.<\/p>\n For this, it is mandatory that the descriptor must refer to an opened directory, and not to an open file.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n This method doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n This Python os Module alters the file mode of the file, specified by fd, to the numeric mode.<\/p>\n The mode may be one of the following (or an ORed combination of):<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n This method doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n fchown() alters the owner and the group id of the file specified by fd to the numeric uid and gid.<\/p>\n Setting an id to -1 leaves it unchanged.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n This method doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n fdatasync() forces writing the file with filedescriptor fd to disk. This, however, doesn\u2019t force update on metadata.<\/p>\n You can do this to flush your buffer.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n This method doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n fdopen(), Python os Module returns an open file object. This object is connected to the descriptor fd.<\/p>\n Once you do this, you can perform all defined functions on the file object.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n fdopen() returns an open file object that is connected to the file descriptor.<\/p>\n fpathconf() returns system configuration information that is relevant to an open file.<\/p>\n This is quite similar to the Unix system call fpathconf(). It also accepts similar arguments.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n fpathconf() returns system configuration that is relevant to an open file.<\/p>\n Python os Module fstat() returns information about the file pertaining to the fd.<\/p>\n Let\u2019s take a look at the structure fstat() returns:<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n fstat() returns information about the file linked with the fd.<\/p>\n This Python os module returns information pertaining to the file system containing the file linked with file descriptor fd.<\/p>\n This is the structure it returns:<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n fstatvfs() returns information about the file system containing the file linked.<\/p>\n This Python os Module forces write on the file liknked to the descriptor fd to disk.<\/p>\n Beginning with a Python file object f, first execute f.flush(), then perform os.fsync(f.fileno()).<\/p>\n Do this to ensure all internal buffers linked to f are written to the disk.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n fsync() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n ftruncate() truncates the file linked to the descriptor fd, so it holds at most length bytes in size.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n ftruncate() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n getcwd() Python os Module returns the current working directory of a process.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n getcwdu() returns a Unicode object that represents the current working directory.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n isatty()returns True if the descriptor fd is open, and is connected to a tty(-like) device. Otherwise, it returns False.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n This Python os Module sets path flags to the numeric flags. Unlike chflags(), ut doesn\u2019t follow symbolic links.<\/p>\n The flags may be one of the following values, or a bitwise OR combination of:<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n lchflags() doesn\u2019t return a value.<\/p>\n lchmod() Python os Module ters the path mode to the numeric mode. If the path is a symlink, it affects the symlink, not the target.<\/p>\n The mode may be one of the following values, or a bitwise OR combination of:<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n lchmod() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n Python os Module lchown() alters the owner and group ID of the path to the numeric uid and gid.<\/p>\n It doesn\u2019t follow symbolic links. Setting an id to -1 leaves it unchanged.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n lchown() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n link() will create a hard link that points to an src named dst.<\/p>\n You can do this when you want to create a copy of an existing file.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n lilnk() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n listdir() will return a list holding the names of the entries in the directory at the path.<\/p>\n This list is in an arbitrary order, and it excludes special entries ‘.’ and ‘..’, even if they exist in the directory.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n lseek() will set the current position of the descriptor fd to the specified position pos. \u2018how\u2019 modifies it.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n lseek() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n Like fstat(), lstat() returns information about a file, but does not follow symbolic links.<\/p>\n lstat is an alias for fstat() on those platforms that do not support symbolic links, for instance, Windows.<\/p>\n It returns the following structure:<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n major() takes a raw device number, and extracts the device major number (usually the st_dev or st_rdev field from stat).<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n major() returns the device major number.<\/p>\n This Python os Module takes the minor and major device numbers and creates a raw device number.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n makedev() returns the device number.<\/p>\n makedirs() creates a directory recursively. This way, it is like mkdir().<\/p>\n However, it mandates that all intermediate-level directories contain the leaf directory.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n Python os Module minor() will take a raw device number, and extract the device\u2019s minor (usually the st_dev or st_rdev field from stat).<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n minor() returns the device\u2019s minor number.<\/p>\n mkdir() Python os Module creates a directory \u2018path\u2019 with the numeric mode \u2018mode\u2019. Some systems ignore mode.<\/p>\n But where used, it masks out the current umask value first. Sample usage:<\/p>\n mkdir() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n mkfifo() creates a FIFO named \u2018path\u2019 with the specified numeric mode. It masks out the current umask value first. Sample usage:<\/p>\n mkfifo() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n This Python os Module will create a filesystem node named \u2018filename\u2019. This can be a file, a device-special file, or a named pipe.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n mknod() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n open() will open the file \u2018file\u2019, and will set flags based on the specified flags.<\/p>\n It possibly sets its mode according to the specified mode. It also masks out the current umask value first.<\/p>\n Default mode=0777 (octal).<\/p>\n The flags may take one of these values, or a bitwise-OR combination of these:<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n open() returns the descriptor for the file we opened.<\/p>\n Python os Module openpty() opens a pseudo-terminal pair.<\/p>\n Then, it returns a pair of descriptors- master & slave- for the pty & the tty, respectively.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n Python os Module pathconf() returns system configuration information pertaining to a named file.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n pipe() creates a pipe. Then, it returns a pair of descriptors- r & w- for reading and writing.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n This Python os Module popen() will open a pipe to, or from, the command specified. It returns an open file object that is connected to the pipe.<\/p>\n We can read or write to this object depending on whether the mode is ‘r’ (default) or ‘w’. The bufsize argument means the same as in the open() function.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n read() Python os Module will let us read at most n bytes from the descriptor fd. It returns a string holding the bytes we just read.<\/p>\n And if it reaches the end of the file, it returns an empty string.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n Python os Module readlink() will return a string denoting the path to which the symbolic link points. It may return a relative or an absolute pathname.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n remove() removes the specified file path. If that path is a directory, it raises an OSError.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n remove() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n This Python os Module will remove directories recursively.<\/p>\n And if we successfully remove the leaf directory, it attempts to successively remove every parent directory displayed in that path.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n removedirs() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n rename() renames a file or directory. If the destination is a file or a directory that already exists, it raises an OSError.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n rename() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n renames() Python os Module renames directories and files recursively.<\/p>\n It is like os.rename(), but it also moves a file to a directory, or a whole tree of directories, that do not already exist.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n renames() does not return any value.<\/p>\n Python os Module rmdir() removes the directory path specified. If the directory isn\u2019t empty, however, it raises an OSError.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n rmdir() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n This Python os Module performs a stat system call on the specified path. Sample usage:<\/p>\n stat_float_times() Python os Module decides whether stat_result denotes time stamps as float objects.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n Python os Module statvfs() executes a statvfs system call on the specified path.<\/p>\n The structure has the following members:<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n symlink() composes a symbolic link dst that points to the source.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n symlink() returns no value.<\/p>\n This Python os Module returns the process group linked to the terminal specified by fd, which is an open file descriptor, and is returned by os.open().<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n tcgetpgrp() returns the process group.<\/p>\n Python os Module tcsetpgrp() sets the process group linked to the terminal specified by fd, which is an open file descriptor, and is returned by os.open(), to pg.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n tcsetpgrp() returns no value.<\/p>\n tempnam() Python os Module returns a unique path name reasonable enough to create a temporary file.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n tempnam() returns a unique path.<\/p>\n tmpfile() will return a new temporary file object, opening it in update mode (w+b).<\/p>\n This file has zero directory entries linked to it, and will automatically delete when no descriptors are available.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n tmpnam() will return a unique path name reasonable enough to create a temporary file.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n ttyname() Python os Module will return a string that denotes the terminal device linked to the descriptor fd.<\/p>\n If it isn\u2019t linked to a terminal device, it raises an exception.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n ttyname() returns a string that denotes the terminal device.<\/p>\n This Python os Module will remove the specified file path. If it is a directory, it raises an OSError.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n unlink() doesn\u2019t return any value.<\/p>\n Python os Module utime() sets the access and modified times of the file at the specified path.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n utime() returns no value.<\/p>\n walk() creates file names in a directory tree. It does so by walking the tree either bottom-up or top-down.<\/p>\n It has the following parameters:<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n This Python os Module will write the specified string to descriptor fd. It returns the number of bytes that it actually wrote.<\/p>\n Sample usage:<\/p>\n So, this was all about the Python os Module. Hope you like our explanation.<\/p>\n Hence, we cover all the Python os module. This will allow you to work your way around the directories without any problem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In this tutorial on Python os Module, we will get closer to the os module and its methods. Moreover, we will study syntax and examples of os Module in Python Programming Language. So, let’s...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":36541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[16502,16501,10687,10750],"class_list":["post-11112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag-list-of-python-os-module","tag-os-module-in-python","tag-python-modules","tag-python-os-modules"],"yoast_head":"\n\n
>>> dir(os)<\/pre>\n
1. access(path,mode) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> os.chdir('C:\\\\Users\\\\lifei\\\\Desktop')\r\n>>> os.access('Today.txt',os.R_OK)<\/pre>\n>>> os.access('Today.txt',os.F_OK)<\/pre>\n>>> os.access('Today.txt',os.W_OK)<\/pre>\n>>> os.access('Today.txt',os.X_OK)<\/pre>\n2. chdir(path) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> os.chdir('C:\\\\Users\\\\lifei\\\\Desktop')<\/pre>\n3. chflags(path,flags) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> os.chflags('Today.txt',os.SF_NOUNLINK)<\/pre>\n4. chmod(path,mode) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> import stat\r\n>>> os.chmod('Today.txt',stat.S_ISVTX)<\/pre>\n5. chroot(path) method in\u00a0the<\/span>\u00a0Python <\/span><\/h3>\n
>>> os.chroot(\"\/Photos\")<\/pre>\n
6. close(fd) method in\u00a0the\u00a0Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd=os.open('Today.txt',os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.close(fd)<\/pre>\n7. closerange(fd_low,fd_high) method in\u00a0the\u00a0Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.write(fd, \"Testing\")\r\n>>> os.closerange( fd, fd)<\/pre>\n
8. dup(fd) method in\u00a0the\u00a0Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> d_fd = os.dup( fd )\r\n>>> os.write(d_fd, \"Testing\")\r\n>>> os.closerange( fd, d_fd)<\/pre>\n
9. dup2(fd,fd2) method in\u00a0the\u00a0Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.write(fd, \"Testing\")\r\n>>> fd2 = 1000\r\n>>> os.dup2(fd, fd2)\r\n>>> os.lseek(fd2, 0, 0)\r\n>>> str = os.read(fd2, 100)\r\n>>> print(f\"Read String is {str}\")\r\n>>> os.close( fd )<\/pre>\n10. fchdir(fd) method in\u00a0the\u00a0Python<\/h3>\n
>>> os.chdir(\"\/var\/www\/html\" )\r\n>>> print \"Current working dir : %s\" % os.getcwd()\r\n>>> fd = os.open( \"\/tmp\", os.O_RDONLY )\r\n>>> os.fchdir(fd)\r\n>>> print \"Current working dir : %s\" % os.getcwd()\r\n>>> os.close( fd )<\/pre>\n
11. fchmod(fd,mode) method in\u00a0the\u00a0Python<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"\/tmp\", os.O_RDONLY )\r\n>>> os.fchmod( fd, stat.S_IXGRP)\r\n>>> os.fchmod(fd, stat.S_IWOTH)\r\n>>> print \"Changed mode successfully!!\"\r\n>>> os.close( fd )<\/pre>\n
12. fchown(fd,uid,gid) method in\u00a0the\u00a0Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"\/tmp\", os.O_RDONLY )\r\n>>> os.fchown( fd, 100, -1)\r\n>>> os.fchown( fd, -1, 50)\r\n>>> print \"Changed ownership successfully!!\"\r\n>>> os.close( fd )<\/pre>\n
13. fdatasync(fd) method in\u00a0the\u00a0Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.write(fd, \"Testing\")\r\n>>> os.fdatasync(fd)\r\n>>> os.lseek(fd, 0, 0)\r\n>>> str = os.read(fd, 100)\r\n>>> print(f\"Read String is {str}\")\r\n>>> os.close( fd )<\/pre>\n14. fdopen(fd[, mode[, bufsize]]) method in\u00a0the\u00a0Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> fo = os.fdopen(fd, \"w+\")\r\n>>> print (f\"Current I\/O pointer position {fo.tell()}\")\r\n>>> fo.write( \"Python is a great language.\\nYeah its great!!\\n\");\r\n>>> os.lseek(fd, 0, 0)\r\n>>> str = os.read(fd, 100)\r\n>>> print (f\"Read String is {str}\")\r\n>>> print (f\"Current I\/O pointer position {fo.tell()}\")\r\n>>> fo.close()<\/pre>\n15. fpathconf(fd, name) method in\u00a0the\u00a0Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> print (f\"{os.pathconf_names}\")\r\n>>> no = os.fpathconf(fd, 'PC_LINK_MAX')\r\n>>> print (f\"Maximum number of links to the file: {no}\")\r\n>>> no = os.fpathconf(fd, 'PC_NAME_MAX')\r\n>>> print (f\"Maximum length of a filename :{no}\")\r\n>>> os.close( fd)<\/pre>\n16. fstat(fd) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> info = os.fstat(fd)\r\n>>> print (f\"File Info: {info}\")\r\n>>> print (f\"UID of the file: {info.st_uid}\")\r\n>>> print (f\"GID of the file: {info.st_gid}\")\r\n>>> os.close( fd)<\/pre>\n17. fstatvfs(fd) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> info = os.fstatvfs(fd)\r\n>>> print(f\"File Info: {info}\")\r\n>>> print(f\"Maximum filename length: {info.f_namemax}\")\r\n>>> print (f\"Free blocks: {info.f_bfree}\")\r\n>>> os.close( fd)<\/pre>\n18. fsync(fd) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.write(fd, \"Testing\")\r\n>>> os.fsync(fd)\r\n>>> os.lseek(fd, 0, 0)\r\n>>> str = os.read(fd, 100)\r\n>>> print(\"Read String is: {str} \")\r\n>>> os.close( fd )<\/pre>\n19. ftruncate(fd,length) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.write(fd, \"Testing\")\r\n>>> os.ftruncate(fd, 10)\r\n>>> os.lseek(fd, 0, 0)\r\n>>> str = os.read(fd, 100)\r\n>>> print(\"Read String is: {str}\u201d)\r\n>>> os.close( fd )<\/pre>\n20. getcwd() method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> os.getcwd()<\/pre>\n
21. getcwdu() method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> os.chdir(\"\/var\/www\/html\" )\r\n>>> print(f\"Current working dir: {os.getcwdu()}\")\r\n>>> fd = os.open( \"\/tmp\", os.O_RDONLY )\r\n>>> os.fchdir(fd)\r\n>>> print(f\"Current working dir: {os.getcwdu()}\u201d)\r\n>>> os.close( fd )<\/pre>\n22. isatty(fd) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.write(fd, \"Testing\")\r\n>>> ret = os.isatty(fd)\r\n>>> print(f\"Returned value is: {ret}\")\r\n>>> os.close( fd )<\/pre>\n23. lchflags(path,flags) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> path = \"\/var\/www\/html\/Today.txt\"\r\n>>> fd = os.open( path, os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.close( fd )\r\n>>> ret = os.lchflags(path, os.UF_IMMUTABLE )<\/pre>\n
24. lchmod(path,mode) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> path = \"\/var\/www\/html\/Today.txt\"\r\n>>> fd = os.open( path, os.O_RDWR )\r\n>>> os.close( fd )\r\n>>> os.lchmod( path, stat.S_IXGRP)\r\n>>> os.lchmod(\"\/tmp\/Today.txt\", stat.S_IWOTH)<\/pre>\n
25. lchown(path,uid,gid) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> path = \"\/var\/www\/html\/Today.txt\"\r\n>>> fd = os.open( path, os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.close( fd )\r\n>>> os.lchown( path, 500, -1)\r\n>>> os.lchown( path, -1, 500)<\/pre>\n
26. link(src,dst) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> path = \"\/var\/www\/html\/Today.txt\"\r\n>>> fd = os.open( path, os.O_RDWR )\r\n>>> os.close( fd )\r\n>>> dst = \"\/tmp\/Today.txt\"\r\n>>> os.link( path, dst)<\/pre>\n
27. The listdir(path) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> path = \"\/var\/www\/html\/\"\r\n>>> dirs = os.listdir( path )\r\n>>> for file in dirs:\r\nprint(file)<\/pre>\n
28. lseek(fd,pos,how) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.write(fd, \"This is test\")\r\n>>> os.fsync(fd)\r\n>>> os.lseek(fd, 0, 0)\r\n>>> str = os.read(fd, 100)\r\n>>> print(f\"Read String is: {str}\")\r\n>>> os.close( fd )<\/pre>\n29. lstat(path) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> path = \"\/var\/www\/html\/Today.txt\"\r\n>>> fd = os.open( path, os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.close( fd )\r\n>>> info = os.lstat(path)\r\n>>> print(f\"File Info: {info}\")\r\n>>> print(f\"UID of the file: {info.st_uid}\")\r\n>>> print(f\"GID of the file: {info.st_gid}\")<\/pre>\n30. major(device) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> path = \"\/var\/www\/html\/Today.txt\"\r\n>>> info = os.lstat(path)\r\n>>> major_dnum = os.major(info.st_dev)\r\n>>> minor_dnum = os.minor(info.st_dev)\r\n>>> print(f\"Major Device Number: {major_dnum}\")\r\n>>> print(f\"Minor Device Number: {minor_dnum}\")<\/pre>\n31. makedev(major,minor) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> path = \"\/var\/www\/html\/Today.txt\"\r\n>>> info = os.lstat(path)\r\n>>> major_dnum = os.major(info.st_dev)\r\n>>> minor_dnum = os.minor(info.st_dev)\r\n>>> print(f\"Major Device Number: {major_dnum}\")\r\n>>> print(f\"Minor Device Number: {minor_dnum}\")\r\n>>> dev_num = os.makedev(major_dnum, minor_dnum)\r\n>>> print(f\"Device Number: {dev_num}\")<\/pre>\n32. makedirs(path[, mode]) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> path = \"\/tmp\/home\/monthly\/daily\"\r\n>>> os.makedirs( path, 0755 )<\/pre>\n
33. minor(device) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> path = \"\/var\/www\/html\/Today.txt\"\r\n>>> info = os.lstat(path)\r\n>>> major_dnum = os.major(info.st_dev)\r\n>>> minor_dnum = os.minor(info.st_dev)\r\n>>> print(f\"Major Device Number: {major_dnum}\")\r\n>>> print(f\"Minor Device Number: {minor_dnum}\")<\/pre>\n34. mkdir(path[, mode]) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\nDefault mode=0777 (octal).<\/p>\n>>> path = \"\/tmp\/home\/monthly\/daily\/hourly\"\r\n>>> os.mkdir( path, 0755 )<\/pre>\n
35. mkfifo(path[, mode]) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\nDefault mode=0666 (octal).<\/p>\n>>> path = \"\/tmp\/hourly\"\r\n>>> os.mkfifo( path, 0644 )<\/pre>\n
36. mknod(filename[, mode=0600, device]) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> filename = '\/tmp\/tmpfile'\r\n>>> mode = 0600|stat.S_IRUSR\r\n>>> os.mknod(filename, mode)<\/pre>\n
37. open(file, flags[, mode]) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> fd = os.open( \"Today.txt\", os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> os.write(fd, \"This is test\")\r\n>>> os.close( fd )<\/pre>\n
38. openpty() method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> m,s = os.openpty()\r\n>>> print(m)\r\n>>> print(s)\r\n>>> s = os.ttyname(s)\r\n>>> print(m)\r\n>>> print(s)<\/pre>\n
39. pathconf(path,name) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> print(f\"{os.pathconf_names}\" )\r\n>>> no = os.pathconf('a2.py', 'PC_NAME_MAX')\r\n>>> print(f\"Maximum length of a filename: {no}\")\r\n>>> no = os.pathconf('a2.py', 'PC_FILESIZEBITS')\r\n>>> print(f\"file size in bits: {no}\")<\/pre>\n40. pipe() method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> os.pipe()<\/pre>\n
41. popen(command[, mode[, bufsize]]) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> a = 'mkdir nwdir'\r\n>>> b = os.popen(a,'r',1)<\/pre>\n
42. read(fd,n) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open(\"f1.txt\",os.O_RDWR)\r\n>>> ret = os.read(fd,12)\r\n>>> print(ret)\r\n>>> os.close(fd)<\/pre>\n
43. readlink(path) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> src = '\/usr\/bin\/python'\r\n>>> dst = '\/tmp\/python'\r\n>>> os.symlink(src, dst)\r\n>>> path = os.readlink( dst )\r\n>>> print(path)<\/pre>\n
44. remove(path) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> print(f\"The dir is: {os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\")\r\n>>> os.remove(\"aa.txt\")\r\n>>> print(f\"The dir after removal of path: {os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\")<\/pre>\n45. removedirs(path) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> print(f\"The dir is: {os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\")\r\n>>> os.removedirs(\"\/tutorialsdir\")\r\n>>> print(f\"The dir after removal is: {os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\")<\/pre>\n46. rename(src,dst) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> print(f\"The dir is: {os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\u201d)\r\n>>> os.rename(\"tutorialsdir\",\"tutorialsdirectory\")\r\n>>> print(\u201cSuccessfully renamed\u201d)\r\n>>> print(f\"The dir is: {os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\")<\/pre>\n47. renames(old,new) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> print(\"Current directory is: { os.getcwd()}\")\r\n>>> print(\"The dir is: { os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\")\r\n>>> os.renames(\"aa1.txt\",\"newdir\/aanew.txt\")\r\n>>> print(\"Successfully renamed\u201d)\r\n>>> print(f\"The dir is: {os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\")<\/pre>\n48. rmdir(path) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> print(f\"the dir is: { os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\")\r\n>>> os.rmdir(\"mydir\")\r\n>>> print(f\"the dir is: { os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\"<\/pre>\n49. stat(path) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\nThese are the members of the stat structure:<\/p>\n\n
>>> statinfo = os.stat('a2.py')\r\n>>> print(statinfo)<\/pre>\n50. stat_float_times([newvalue]) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> import os, sys\r\n>>> statinfo = os.stat('a2.py')\r\n>>> print(statinfo)\r\n>>> statinfo = os.stat_float_times()\r\n>>> print(statinfo)<\/pre>\n51. statvfs(path) method in Python<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> stinfo = os.statvfs('a1.py')\r\n>>> print(stinfo)<\/pre>\n52. symlink(src,dst) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>>src = '\/usr\/bin\/python'\r\n>>> dst = '\/tmp\/python'\r\n>>> os.symlink(src, dst)<\/pre>\n
53. tcgetpgrp(fd) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> print(f\"Current working dir : { os.getcwd()}\")\r\n>>> fd = os.open(\"\/dev\/tty\",os.O_RDONLY)\r\n>>> f = os.tcgetpgrp(fd)\r\n>>> print(f\"the process group associated is: {f}\")\r\n>>> os.close(fd)<\/pre>\n54. tcsetpgrp(fd, pg) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> print(f\"Current working dir : { os.getcwd()}\")\r\n>>> fd = os.open(\"\/dev\/tty\",os.O_RDONLY)\r\n>>> f = os.tcgetpgrp(fd)\r\n>>> print(f\"the process group associated is: {f}\")\r\n>>> os.tcsetpgrp(fd,2672)\r\n>>> print(\"done\")\r\n>>> os.close(fd)<\/pre>\n55. tempnam([dir[, prefix]]) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> tmpfn = os.tempnam('\/tmp\/tutorialsdir,'tuts1')<\/pre>\n56. tmpfile() method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> tmpfile = os.tmpfile()\r\n>>> tmpfile.write('Temporary newfile is here.....')\r\n>>> tmpfile.seek(0)\r\n>>> print(tmpfile.read())\r\n>>> tmpfile.close()<\/pre>\n57. tmpnam() method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> tmpfn = os.tmpnam()\r\n>>> print(f\"This is the unique path: {tmpfn}\")<\/pre>\n58. ttyname(fd) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> print(f\"Current working dir : { os.getcwd()}\")\r\n>>> fd = os.open(\"\/dev\/tty\",os.O_RDONLY)\r\n>>> p = os.ttyname(fd)\r\n>>> print(f\"the terminal device associated is: {p}\")\r\n>>> os.close(fd)<\/pre>\n59. unlink(path) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> print(f\"The dir is: { os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\")\r\n>>> os.unlink(\"aa.txt\")\r\n>>> print(f\"The dir after removal of path : { os.listdir(os.getcwd())}\")<\/pre>\n60. utime(path,times) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> stinfo = os.stat('a2.py')\r\n>>> print(stinfo)\r\n>>> print(f\"access time of a2.py: { stinfo.st_atime }\")\r\n>>> print(f\"modified time of a2.py: { stinfo.st_mtime }\")\r\n>>> os.utime(\"a2.py\",(1330712280, 1330712292))<\/pre>\n61. walk(top[, topdown=True[, onerror=None[, followlinks=False]]])<\/h3>\n
\n
>>> for root, dirs, files in os.walk(\".\", topdown=False):<\/pre>\n
\nprint(os.path.join(root, name))
\nfor name in dirs:
\nprint(os.path.join(root, name))<\/div>\n62. write(fd,str) method in Python<\/h3>\n
>>> fd = os.open(\"f1.txt\",os.O_RDWR|os.CREAT)\r\n>>> ret = os.write(fd,\"This is test\")\r\n>>> print(f\"the number of bytes written: {ret}\")\r\n>>> print(\"written successfully\")\r\n>>> os.close(fd)<\/pre>\nPython Interview Questions on OS Modules<\/h3>\n
\n
Conclusion<\/h3>\n