Project File Structure<\/h3>\n
Steps to follow to built python 2048 Game:<\/p>\n
1.Install pygame module
\n2. Importing Modules
\n3. Initializing game window
\n4.Defining colors and function
\n5.Defining Main function
\n6.Function to check whether movement of tiles is possible or not
\n7.Defining function for merging tiles
\n8.Other functions<\/p>\n
1. Install pygame module:<\/h4>\n
Multimedia applications like games are made by pygame which is a free and open source python programming language library. Pygame consists of sound libraries and computer graphics that are designed to be used with python. Installation of pygame is mandatory to start the project. Write the following code on your command prompt to install pygame.<\/p>\n
pip install pygame\r\n<\/pre>\n2. Importing Modules:<\/h4>\n
import pygame,sys,time\r\nfrom pygame.locals import *\r\nfrom constants import *\r\nfrom random import *<\/pre>\nCode Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n
a. sys: Different parts of the python runtime environment are manipulated with the sys module.
\nb. time: It provides functions to work with time.
\nc. pygame.locals: Various constants that are used by pygame are available in this module.
\nd. Random: pseudo random numbers are generated with this module.<\/p>\n3. Initializing game window:<\/h4>\n
pygame.init()\r\n \r\nsurface = pygame.display.set_mode((400,500),0,32)\r\npygame.display.set_caption(\"2048 Game by DataFlair\")\r\n \r\nfont = pygame.font.SysFont(\"monospace\",40)\r\nfontofscore = pygame.font.SysFont(\"monospace\",30)\r\n \r\ntileofmatrix = [[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0]]\r\nundomatrix = []\r\n<\/pre>\nCode Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n
a. pygame.init(): All the imported pygame modules are initialized with pygame.init.
\nb. set_mode(): It sets up the screen for display.
\nc. set_caption(): It displays the title in the parentheses on the top of the pygame window.
\nd. pygame.font.SysFont(): It loads the font from the system with the help of pygame.
\ne. tileofmatrix: It\u2019s a nested list that will initially have value 0 on every tile.<\/p>\n4. Defining colors and function:<\/h4>\n
black = (0,0,0)\r\nred = (255,0,0)\r\norange = (255,152,0)\r\ndeeporange = (255,87,34)\r\nbrown = (121,85,72)\r\ngreen = (0,128,0)\r\nlgreen = (139,195,74)\r\nteal = (0,150,136)\r\nblue = (33,150,136)\r\npurple = (156,39,176)\r\npink = (234,30,99)\r\ndeeppurple = (103,58,183)\r\n \r\n \r\ncolordict = {\r\n 0:black,\r\n 2:red,\r\n 4:green,\r\n 8:purple,\r\n 16:deeppurple,\r\n 32:deeporange,\r\n 64:teal,\r\n 128:lgreen,\r\n 256:pink,\r\n 512:orange,\r\n 1024:black,\r\n 2048:brown\r\n}\r\n \r\ndef getcolor(i):\r\n return colordict[i]\r\n<\/pre>\nCode Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n
a. getcolor(): It is a function that returns a dictionary of colours.
\nb. colordict: It is a dictionary of colours.<\/p>\n5. Defining Main function:<\/h4>\n
def mainfunction(fromLoaded = False):\r\n \r\n if not fromLoaded:\r\n placerandomtile()\r\n placerandomtile()\r\n printmatrix()\r\n \r\n \r\n while True:\r\n for event in pygame.event.get():\r\n if event.type == QUIT:\r\n pygame.quit()\r\n sys.exit()\r\n \r\n if checkIfCanGo() == True:\r\n if event.type == KEYDOWN:\r\n if isArrow(event.key):\r\n rotations = getrotations(event.key)\r\n addToUndo()\r\n for i in range(0,rotations):\r\n rotatematrixclockwise()\r\n \r\n if canmove():\r\n movetiles()\r\n mergetiles()\r\n placerandomtile()\r\n \r\n for j in range(0,(4-rotations)%4):\r\n rotatematrixclockwise()\r\n \r\n printmatrix()\r\n else: # just checking wait\r\n gameover()\r\n \r\n if event.type == KEYDOWN:\r\n global sizeofboard\r\n \r\n if event.key == pygame.K_r:\r\n \r\n reset()\r\n if 50<event.key and 56 > event.key:\r\n \r\n sizeofboard = event.key - 48\r\n reset()\r\n if event.key == pygame.K_s:\r\n \r\n savegame()\r\n elif event.key == pygame.K_l:\r\n loadgame()\r\n \r\n elif event.key == pygame.K_u:\r\n undo()\r\n \r\n pygame.display.update()\r\n<\/pre>\nCode Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n
a. get(): List of all the unprocessed events are returned with get().
\nb. quit: It exits a python program.
\nc. KEYDOWN: It detects if a key is pressed or not.
\nd. K_r: If key r is pressed reset() function is called to reset the game.
\ne. K_s: If key s is pressed savegame() function is called which saves the game.
\nf. K_l:If key l is pressed, a loadgame() function is called which loads the game.
\ng. K_u: If key u is pressed undo() function is called.<\/p>\n6. Function to check whether movement of tiles is possible or not:<\/h4>\n
def canmove():\r\n for i in range(0,sizeofboard):\r\n for j in range(1,sizeofboard):\r\n if tileofmatrix[i][j-1] == 0 and tileofmatrix[i][j] > 0:\r\n return True \r\n elif (tileofmatrix[i][j-1] == tileofmatrix[i][j]) and tileofmatrix[i][j-1] != 0:\r\n return True\r\n return False\r\n # This module moves \r\ndef movetiles():\r\n for i in range(0,sizeofboard):\r\n for j in range(0,sizeofboard-1):\r\n \r\n while tileofmatrix[i][j] == 0 and sum(tileofmatrix[i][j:]) > 0:\r\n for k in range(j,sizeofboard-1):\r\n tileofmatrix[i][k] = tileofmatrix[i][k+1]\r\n tileofmatrix[i][sizeofboard-1] = 0\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\nCode Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n
a. canmove(): This function checks whether the movement of tiles is possible or not.
\nb. movetiles(): It helps in the movement of tiles.
\nc. sum(): It calculates the sum of the numbers.<\/p>\n7. Defining function for merging tiles:<\/h4>\n
def mergetiles():\r\n global totalpoints\r\n \r\n for i in range(0,sizeofboard):\r\n for k in range(0,sizeofboard-1):\r\n if tileofmatrix[i][k] == tileofmatrix[i][k+1] and tileofmatrix[i][k] != 0:\r\n tileofmatrix[i][k] = tileofmatrix[i][k]*2\r\n tileofmatrix[i][k+1] = 0 totalpoints+= tileofmatrix[i][k]\r\n movetiles()\r\n<\/pre>\nCode Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n
a. mergetiles(): This function helps in merging the tiles.
\nb. range(): It helps in performing an action for a specific number of times.<\/p>\n8. Other functions:<\/h4>\n
def floor(n):\r\n return int(n - (n % 1 )) \r\ndef printmatrix():\r\n surface.fill(black)\r\n global sizeofboard\r\n global totalpoints\r\n \r\n for i in range(0,sizeofboard):\r\n for j in range(0,sizeofboard):\r\n pygame.draw.rect(surface,getcolor(tileofmatrix[i][j]),(i*(400\/sizeofboard),j*(400\/sizeofboard)+100,400\/sizeofboard,400\/sizeofboard))\r\n label = font.render(str(tileofmatrix[i][j]),1,(255,255,255))\r\n label2 = fontofscore.render(\"YourScore:\"+str(totalpoints),1,(255,255,255))\r\n surface.blit(label,(i*(400\/sizeofboard)+30,j*(400\/sizeofboard)+130))\r\n surface.blit(label2,(10,20))\r\ndef checkIfCanGo():\r\n for i in range(0,sizeofboard ** 2): if tileofmatrix[floor(i\/sizeofboard)][i%sizeofboard] == 0:\r\n return True\r\n \r\n for i in range(0,sizeofboard):\r\n for j in range(0,sizeofboard-1):\r\n if tileofmatrix[i][j] == tileofmatrix[i][j+1]:\r\n return True\r\n elif tileofmatrix[j][i] ==tileofmatrix[j+1][i]:\r\n return True\r\n return False\r\ndef convertToLinearMatrix():\r\n \r\n mat = []\r\n for i in range(0,sizeofboard ** 2):\r\n mat.append(tileofmatrix[floor(i\/sizeofboard)][i%sizeofboard])\r\n \r\n mat.append(totalpoints)\r\n return mat\r\ndef addToUndo():\r\n undomatrix.append(convertToLinearMatrix()) \r\ndef rotatematrixclockwise():\r\n for i in range(0,int(sizeofboard\/2)):\r\n for k in range(i,sizeofboard- i- 1):\r\n temp1 = tileofmatrix[i][k]\r\n temp2 = tileofmatrix[sizeofboard - 1 - k][i]\r\n temp3 = tileofmatrix[sizeofboard- 1 - i][sizeofboard - 1 - k]\r\n temp4 = tileofmatrix[k][sizeofboard- 1 - i]\r\n \r\n tileofmatrix[sizeofboard- 1 - k][i] = temp1\r\n tileofmatrix[sizeofboard - 1 - i][sizeofboard - 1 - k] = temp2\r\n tileofmatrix[k][sizeofboard - 1 - i] = temp3\r\n tileofmatrix[i][k] = temp4\r\n \r\ndef gameover():\r\n global totalpoints\r\n \r\n surface.fill(black)\r\n \r\n label = font.render(\"gameover\",1,(255,255,255))\r\n label2 =font.render(\"score : \"+str(totalpoints),1,(255,255,255))\r\n label3 = font.render(\"press 'R' to play again\",1,(255,255,255))\r\n \r\n surface.blit(label,(50,100))\r\n surface.blit(label2,(50,200))\r\n surface.blit(label3,(50,300))\r\n \r\n \r\ndef reset():\r\n global totalpoints\r\n global tileofmatrix\r\n \r\n totalpoints= 0\r\n surface.fill(black)\r\n tileofmatrix = [[0 for i in range(0,sizeofboard)] for j in range(0,sizeofboard) ]\r\n mainfunction()\r\n \r\ndef savegame():\r\n f = open(\"savedata\",\"w\")\r\n \r\n line1 = \" \".join([str(tileofmatrix[floor(x\/sizeofboard)][x%sizeofboard]) for x in range(0,sizeofboard ** 2)])\r\n f.write(line1+\"\\n\")\r\n f.write(str(sizeofboard)+\"\\n\")\r\n f.write(str(totalpoints))\r\n f.close\r\n \r\ndef undo():\r\n if len(undomatrix) > 0:\r\n mat = undomatrix.pop()\r\n \r\n for i in range(0,sizeofboard ** 2):\r\n tileofmatrix[floor(i\/sizeofboard)][i%sizeofboard] = mat[i]\r\n global totalpoints\r\n totalpoints = mat[sizeofboard ** 2]\r\n \r\n printmatrix()\r\n \r\ndef loadgame():\r\n global totalpoints\r\n global sizeofboard\r\n global tilematrix\r\n \r\n f = open(\"savedata\",\"r\")\r\n \r\n mat = (f.readline()).split(' ',sizeofboard ** 2)\r\n sizeofboard = int(f.readline())\r\n totalpoints= int(f.readline())\r\n \r\n for i in range(0,sizeofboard ** 2):\r\n tileofmatrix[floor(i\/sizeofboard)][i%sizeofboard] = int(mat[i])\r\n \r\n f.close()\r\n \r\n mainfunction(True)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\ndef isArrow(k):\r\n return (k == pygame.K_UP or k == pygame.K_DOWN or k == pygame.K_LEFT or k == pygame.K_RIGHT)\r\n \r\ndef getrotations(k):\r\n if k == pygame.K_UP:\r\n return 0\r\n elif k == pygame.K_DOWN:\r\n return 2 \r\n elif k == pygame.K_LEFT:\r\n return 1\r\n elif k == pygame.K_RIGHT:\r\n return 3\r\nmainfunction()\r\n<\/pre>\n
![\"python](\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/09\/python-2048-game-output.png\")
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