{"id":100391,"date":"2021-09-06T09:00:10","date_gmt":"2021-09-06T03:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/?p=100391"},"modified":"2021-09-13T14:10:03","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T08:40:03","slug":"round-robin-scheduling-algorithm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/round-robin-scheduling-algorithm\/","title":{"rendered":"Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm"},"content":{"rendered":"

This algorithm works on the principle of round-robin, where an equal share of an object is given to each person in turns. Mostly used for multitasking, this is the oldest and simplest scheduling algorithm that offers starvation-free execution. Each ready task has to run turn by turn in a cyclic queue for a limited time period in round-robin (RR).<\/p>\n

Example of Round Robin Algorithm<\/h3>\n

Following are three processes with their burst time:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Process Queue<\/b><\/td>\nBurst time<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P1<\/span><\/td>\n4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P2<\/span><\/td>\n3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P3<\/span><\/td>\n5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Step 1:<\/strong> Process P1 executes first. Every process executes for 2 seconds so processes P2 and P3 are in the waiting queue.<\/p>\n

\"Round<\/a><\/p>\n

Step 2:<\/strong> At time = 2, P2 starts executing and P1 is added to the end of the Queue.<\/p>\n

\"Round<\/a><\/p>\n

Step 3:<\/strong> At time = 4, P3 starts executing and P2 is added at the end of the queue.<\/p>\n

\"Round<\/a><\/p>\n

Step 4:<\/strong> At time = 6, P1 starts executing and P3 is added at the end of the queue.<\/p>\n

\"Round<\/a><\/p>\n

Step 5:<\/strong> At time = 8, As P1 has a burst time of 4 it completes execution and P2 starts execution.<\/p>\n

\"RR<\/a><\/p>\n

Step 6:<\/strong> With a burst time of 3, process P2 executes for 2 intervals. At time = 9, P2 completes execution and P3 starts execution till completion.<\/p>\n

\"RR<\/a><\/p>\n

Step 7:<\/strong> Average waiting time is:
\nWaiting time
\nP1 = 0 + 4 = 4
\nP2 = 2 + 4 = 6
\nP3 = 4 + 3 = 7<\/p>\n

Characteristics of Round Robin Scheduling<\/h3>\n

Following are some important characteristics of RR:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • A preemptive scheduling algorithm.<\/li>\n
  • CPU shifts to the next process after a fixed time interval known as time quantum or time-slice.<\/li>\n
  • Preempted processes are added to the end of the queue.<\/li>\n
  • A hybrid and clock-driven model.<\/li>\n
  • Time slice is usually the minimum but differs from OS to OS.<\/li>\n
  • A real time algorithm that responds to an event within a specific time limit.<\/li>\n
  • Oldest, fairest, and easiest algorithm.<\/li>\n
  • Widely used in traditional OS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Advantages of Round Robin Algorithm<\/h3>\n

    Following are the advantages of RR:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • No issues of starvation or convoy effect.<\/li>\n
    • Every job gets a fair allocation of CPU.<\/li>\n
    • No priority scheduling is involved.<\/li>\n
    • Total number of processes on the run queue helps assume the worst-case response time for a process.<\/li>\n
    • Doesn\u2019t depend on burst time and is easily implementable.<\/li>\n
    • When a process executes for a specific time, it is preempted, and another process takes its place executing for that same time period.<\/li>\n
    • Context switching helps save states of preempted processes.<\/li>\n
    • Best performance in terms of average response time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Disadvantages of Round Robin Algorithm<\/h3>\n

      Following are the disadvantages of RR:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Low slicing time reduces processor output.<\/li>\n
      • Spends more time on context switching.<\/li>\n
      • Performance depends on time quantum.<\/li>\n
      • Processes don\u2019t have priorities.<\/li>\n
      • No special priority to more important tasks.<\/li>\n
      • Decreases comprehension.<\/li>\n
      • Higher context switching overhead due to lower time quantum.<\/li>\n
      • Difficult to find a correct time quantum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Worst Case Latency<\/h3>\n

        Worst Case Latency is the maximum time taken for execution of all tasks. Following is the formula for worst-case latency is:
        \nTworst = {(dti + sti + eti), + (dti + sti + eti)2 +…+ (dti + sti + eti)N., + (dti + sti + eti + eti)N} + tISR<\/p>\n

        t,SR = sum of all execution times
        \ndt = Detection time when a task enters the list
        \nst = Time required to switch from one task to another
        \net = Execution time of task<\/p>\n

        Summary<\/h3>\n

        Round Robin process scheduling algorithm works on the principle of round-robin, where an equal share of an object is given to each person in turns. Oldest, fairest, and easiest scheduling algorithms. It spends a lot of time on context switching. Worst-case latency is the maximum time taken for the execution of all the tasks in the OS.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        This algorithm works on the principle of round-robin, where an equal share of an object is given to each person in turns. Mostly used for multitasking, this is the oldest and simplest scheduling algorithm...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":100508,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24565],"tags":[25033,25032,25034,25031,25030],"class_list":["post-100391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-operating-system-tutorials","tag-advantages-of-round-robin-scheduling","tag-characteristics-of-round-robin","tag-disadvantages-of-round-robin-scheduling","tag-example-of-round-robin","tag-round-robin-algorithm"],"yoast_head":"\nRound Robin Scheduling Algorithm - DataFlair<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about Round Robin Scheduling algorithm with examples, advantages, disadvantages, characteristics and worst case latency.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/data-flair.training\/blogs\/round-robin-scheduling-algorithm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm - 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